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Demographics of New Mexico

New Mexico had 2,125,498 people on July 1, 2025, by the Census Bureau’s estimate: +7,052 since July 2020. Age, income, poverty, housing and origin below come from the American Community Survey, averaged over 2020–2024, each with its margin of error.

New Mexico, in five figures

2,125,498
Population
July 1, 2025, Vintage 2025 estimate.
2,118,446
Population in July 2020
July 1, 2020, Vintage 2025 estimate.
+0.3%
Change since July 2020
+7,052 people.
39.4 ±0.1
Median age
ACS 2020–⁠2024.
$64,059 ±$808
Median household income
ACS 2020–⁠2024, in 2024 dollars.

Population, year by year

July 1 estimates from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025. Each year’s change is births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from other states, with the Bureau’s small residual. The 2020 row’s components run 3 months, from the April census to July 1.

New Mexico grew 0.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally

The July 1 estimate of New Mexico's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).

U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change

About this chart

The figures

New Mexico grew 0.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally. The July 1 estimate of New Mexico's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).
July 1PopulationChangeIndexUnited States
20202,118,446not reported100.0100.0
20212,117,300−1,14699.9100.2
20222,112,859−4,44199.7100.7
20232,119,349+6,490100.0101.6
20242,126,774+7,425100.4102.5
20252,125,498−1,276100.3103.1

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Population of New Mexico on July 1 of each year, Vintage 2025
July 1PopulationChange
20202,118,446+954
20212,117,300−1,146
20222,112,859−4,441
20232,119,349+6,490
20242,126,774+7,425
20252,125,498−1,276

Every county in New Mexico, July 2025

Largest first. The change and its parts are July 2020 to July 2025, the five full years. “From elsewhere” is net moves from other counties, in this state or another.

Ranked: by population · by population growth

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Counties of New Mexico by population, July 2025
CountyJuly 2025Change
Bernalillo County667,601−1.4%
Doña Ana County229,091+4.1%
Sandoval County159,565+6.9%
Santa Fe County156,907+1.2%
San Juan County120,340−0.9%
Valencia County82,013+7.2%
Lea County74,749+0.2%
Otero County70,368+3.7%
McKinley County68,119−6.1%
Chaves County63,364−2.7%
Eddy County62,509+0.3%
Curry County46,655−3.5%
Rio Arriba County39,832−1.0%
Taos County34,564+0.3%
Grant County27,252−3.4%
Cibola County26,807−0.6%
San Miguel County26,260−3.2%
Luna County25,407−0.2%
Lincoln County19,844−2.3%
Los Alamos County19,407> −0.1%
Roosevelt County18,615−2.8%
Torrance County16,100+6.9%
Socorro County15,838−4.3%
Colfax County12,184−1.4%
Sierra County11,395−1.4%
Quay County8,454−3.0%
Guadalupe County4,343−2.2%
Mora County4,051−3.3%
Hidalgo County3,929−5.6%
Union County3,844−5.6%
Catron County3,827+6.1%
De Baca County1,647−2.4%
Harding County617−5.4%

Every one of New Mexico’s 46 places of 5,000 or more

Largest first, by the American Community Survey’s 2020–2024 count and its margin of error. A place that is also a county is listed with the counties.

Places of New Mexico by population, ACS 2020–2024
PlaceACS 2020–⁠2024
Albuquerque city562,218 ±82
Las Cruces city114,197 ±57
Rio Rancho city108,515 ±39
Santa Fe city89,019 ±90
Roswell city47,638 ±40
Farmington city46,314 ±36
Hobbs city40,252 ±27
Clovis city37,942 ±25
South Valley CDP37,120 ±1,852
Carlsbad city31,746 ±41
Alamogordo city31,307 ±36
Gallup city21,023 ±28
Los Lunas village18,618 ±50
Chaparral CDP18,186 ±1,172
Sunland Park city17,463 ±45
Deming city15,221 ±22
Los Alamos CDP13,317 ±655
Las Vegas city13,000 ±28
Artesia city12,576 ±21
Portales city11,968 ±18
Lovington city11,498 ±22
Española city10,473 ±48
North Valley CDP10,455 ±1,192
Silver City town9,536 ±32
Bernalillo town9,086 ±57
Grants city8,951 ±23
Anthony city8,767 ±41
Corrales village8,555 ±25
Socorro city8,481 ±14
Ruidoso village7,699 ±30
Shiprock CDP7,610 ±645
Belen city7,450 ±47
Bloomfield city7,395 ±67
Taos town6,458 ±51
Aztec city6,150 ±32
Edgewood town6,124 ±41
Santa Teresa CDP6,041 ±1,347
North Hobbs CDP6,034 ±753
Raton city6,026 ±42
Truth or Consequences city6,019 ±33
Zuni Pueblo CDP5,864 ±677
Los Ranchos de Albuquerque village5,857 ±24
White Rock CDP5,716 ±594
Eldorado at Santa Fe CDP5,619 ±493
El Cerro Mission CDP5,323 ±1,403
Tucumcari city5,160 ±15

Age, 2020–2024

The median age is 39.4 ±0.1: for men 38.2 ±0.1 and for women 40.7 ±0.2. Shares are of everyone the survey counts, in the Bureau’s sex-by-age table (B01001).

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People in New Mexico by age, ACS 2020–2024
AgePeopleShare
Under 5110,608 ±7145.2% ±<0.1
5 to 17350,533 ±3,82716.5% ±0.2
18 to 24197,667 ±3,2909.3% ±0.2
25 to 44550,457 ±3,45026.0% ±0.2
45 to 64502,717 ±3,98423.7% ±0.2
65 and over408,264 ±4,18719.3% ±0.2

Income and poverty, 2020–2024

Median household income is $64,059 ±$808, and income per person $36,218 ±$281, in 2024 dollars. The median is $80,734 ±$166 in the United States.

Households by income

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Households in New Mexico by income, ACS 2020–2024
Household incomeHouseholdsShare
Under $25,000169,460 ±3,69820.2% ±0.4
$25,000 to $49,999164,077 ±3,36219.6% ±0.4
$50,000 to $74,999141,895 ±3,29816.9% ±0.4
$75,000 to $99,999103,580 ±3,18612.4% ±0.4
$100,000 to $149,999129,515 ±3,17715.5% ±0.4
$150,000 to $199,99963,464 ±2,0377.6% ±0.2
$200,000 or more65,423 ±2,0897.8% ±0.2

Poverty by age

The poverty rate is the share of people whose family income is below the federal threshold for their family’s size, of everyone for whom the Bureau determines it (B17020).

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Poverty rate in New Mexico by age, ACS 2020–2024
AgeBelow povertyRate
All ages370,915 ±8,32317.8% ±0.4
Under 18109,179 ±3,49624.0% ±0.7
18 to 59183,772 ±4,63417.0% ±0.4
60 and over77,964 ±2,33914.3% ±0.4

Housing, 2020–2024

Housing in New Mexico, ACS 2020–2024
MeasureNew MexicoUnited States
Housing units956,964 ±262143,775,355 ±10,234
Occupied87.5% ±0.389.9% ±0.1
Vacant12.5% ±0.310.1% ±0.1
Owner occupied70.0% ±0.465.2% ±0.3
Renter occupied30.0% ±0.434.8% ±0.1
Median home value$248,100 ±$1,957$332,700 ±$236
Median gross rent$1,067 ±$11$1,413 ±$2
Median year built1985 ±21980 ±1

Occupied and vacant are shares of all housing units; owner and renter occupied are shares of occupied units. Value and rent are medians in 2024 dollars.

Origin and place of birth, 2020–2024

Hispanic or Latino origin is not a race in the Census Bureau’s tables. Here the people of Hispanic origin, of any race, are one row, and everyone else is counted by race alone (B03002), so the rows add to the whole.

Hispanic origin and race

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People in New Mexico by Hispanic origin and race, ACS 2020–2024
OriginPeopleShare
Hispanic or Latino1,026,614 ±048.4% ±<0.1
White alone, not Hispanic762,421 ±2,24136.0% ±0.1
Black alone, not Hispanic38,573 ±1,3531.8% ±0.1
Asian alone, not Hispanic34,610 ±8851.6% ±<0.1
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic179,996 ±1,3588.5% ±0.1
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic1,241 ±2840.1% ±<0.1
Some other race alone, not Hispanic10,434 ±1,3670.5% ±0.1
Two or more races, not Hispanic66,357 ±2,8093.1% ±0.1

Place of birth and citizenship

“Born a citizen outside the states” counts people born in Puerto Rico, the island areas, or abroad to American parents. Naturalized citizens and those who are not citizens together make up the people born abroad (B05002).

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People in New Mexico by place of birth and citizenship, ACS 2020–2024
BornPeopleShare
Born in the state1,111,522 ±7,62352.4% ±0.4
Born in another state782,468 ±6,54136.9% ±0.3
Born a citizen outside the states26,518 ±1,6441.3% ±0.1
Born abroad199,738 ±4,1589.4% ±0.2
Naturalized citizens86,800 ±2,6644.1% ±0.1
Not citizens112,938 ±3,8005.3% ±0.2

Where New Mexico ranks

Compared

Beside the state nearest it by population, and its largest counties each beside the next one down.

New Mexico elsewhere on the Factbook

  • Reported crimeCrime and justice

    Offenses reported to police by type, the trend, and the reporting coverage.

  • Most dangerous cities in New MexicoCrime and justice

    What each agency serving 25,000 or more reported, ranked. Agency populations overlap, so these do not add up to the state.

  • Prison populationCrime and justice

    People held under the state’s correctional authority, and the imprisonment rate. A different publisher counting a different thing.

  • Arrests by race, sex and ageCrime and justice

    Arrests as the FBI’s participating agencies reported them, with what the figures can and cannot support at the top.

  • Hate crimeCrime and justice

    Incidents reported to the FBI by bias motivation, as counts — the collection publishes no participation share, so there is no rate to compare states on.

  • Federal obligationsFederal spending

    What federal agencies obligated against a place of performance in the state, per resident and by agency.

  • Registered nonprofitsNonprofits

    How many organizations the IRS lists in the state, what they report as revenue, and which kinds of work they do.

  • Payments to doctorsHealth

    What drug and device companies reported paying doctors with a practice address in the state, and the largest recipients.

  • Immigration courtsImmigration and the border

    The EOIR courts sitting in the state, what they completed and still have pending, and how far apart their asylum grant rates are. The courts, not the state’s residents: a detention court hears cases from far outside it.

  • Farm program paymentsFarm subsidies

    What the Farm Service Agency paid through the state’s county offices, by program and by recipient. The offices that administered the payments, not a count of farms: a recipient addressed elsewhere is counted where they were paid.

  • Paycheck Protection Program loansPPP loans

    The PPP loans SBA guaranteed to businesses operating in the state, by county, with how many carry a forgiveness amount and how many were charged off. Loans, not businesses: a business with two draws is two loans.

  • Public schoolsSchools

    Pupils, schools and teachers, the largest districts, what districts spend per pupil and where the money comes from, and the colleges that take federal student aid.

  • Federal civilian workforceFederal salaries

    Federal civilian employees stationed in the state by agency and occupation, with the pay OPM publishes and the share it withholds.

  • The New Mexico Factbook entryAcross the Factbook

    Every measure the Factbook publishes for this state in one place, each with where it ranks among the others and the record it came from.

The immigration link above is EOIR’s courts, which sit in this state. CBP’s encounters are not by state and will not be: its sectors and field offices are areas of responsibility rather than a geography, and assigning them to states would be a claim the data does not make. Immigration and the border.

Sources

Data retrieved