Demographics of New Mexico

New Mexico, in five figures

2,125,498

Population

July 1, 2025, Vintage 2025 estimate.

2,118,446

Population in July 2020

July 1, 2020, Vintage 2025 estimate.

+0.3%

Change since July 2020

+7,052 people.

39.4 ±0.1

Median age

ACS 2020–⁠2024.

$64,059 ±$808

Median household income

ACS 2020–⁠2024, in 2024 dollars.

Population, year by year

July 1 estimates from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025. Each year’s change is births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from other states, with the Bureau’s small residual. The 2020 row’s components run 3 months, from the April census to July 1.

Every county in New Mexico, July 2025

Largest first. The change and its parts are July 2020 to July 2025, the five full years. “From elsewhere” is net moves from other counties, in this state or another.

Ranked: by population · by population growth

Every one of New Mexico’s 46 places of 5,000 or more

Largest first, by the American Community Survey’s 2020–2024 count and its margin of error. A place that is also a county is listed with the counties.

Age, 2020–2024

The median age is 39.4 ±0.1: for men 38.2 ±0.1 and for women 40.7 ±0.2. Shares are of everyone the survey counts, in the Bureau’s sex-by-age table (B01001).

Income and poverty, 2020–2024

Median household income is $64,059 ±$808, and income per person $36,218 ±$281, in 2024 dollars. The median is $80,734 ±$166 in the United States.

Households by income

Poverty by age

The poverty rate is the share of people whose family income is below the federal threshold for their family’s size, of everyone for whom the Bureau determines it (B17020).

Housing, 2020–2024

Occupied and vacant are shares of all housing units; owner and renter occupied are shares of occupied units. Value and rent are medians in 2024 dollars.

Origin and place of birth, 2020–2024

Hispanic or Latino origin is not a race in the Census Bureau’s tables. Here the people of Hispanic origin, of any race, are one row, and everyone else is counted by race alone (B03002), so the rows add to the whole.

Hispanic origin and race

Place of birth and citizenship

“Born a citizen outside the states” counts people born in Puerto Rico, the island areas, or abroad to American parents. Naturalized citizens and those who are not citizens together make up the people born abroad (B05002).

Where New Mexico ranks

• 36th of 51 in states by population.
  California · 39,355,309Wyoming · 588,753

  New Mexico is 36 of 51 by population, July 2025, at 2,125,498. Highest on the left.

  The 51 figures behind this strip

  Every jurisdiction by population, July 2025, highest first, with New Mexico marked

  Rank	Name	Population, July 2025
  1	California	39,355,309
  2	Texas	31,709,821
  3	Florida	23,462,518
  4	New York	20,002,427
  5	Pennsylvania	13,059,432
  6	Illinois	12,719,141
  7	Ohio	11,900,510
  8	Georgia	11,302,748
  9	North Carolina	11,197,968
  10	Michigan	10,127,884
  11	New Jersey	9,548,215
  12	Virginia	8,880,107
  13	Washington	8,001,020
  14	Arizona	7,623,818
  15	Tennessee	7,315,076
  16	Massachusetts	7,154,084
  17	Indiana	6,973,333
  18	Missouri	6,270,541
  19	Maryland	6,265,347
  20	Colorado	6,012,561
  21	Wisconsin	5,972,787
  22	Minnesota	5,830,405
  23	South Carolina	5,570,274
  24	Alabama	5,193,088
  25	Louisiana	4,618,189
  26	Kentucky	4,606,864
  27	Oregon	4,273,586
  28	Oklahoma	4,123,288
  29	Connecticut	3,688,496
  30	Utah	3,538,904
  31	Nevada	3,282,188
  32	Iowa	3,238,387
  33	Arkansas	3,114,791
  34	Kansas	2,977,220
  35	Mississippi	2,954,160
  36	New Mexico	2,125,498
  37	Idaho	2,029,733
  38	Nebraska	2,018,006
  39	West Virginia	1,766,147
  40	Hawaii	1,432,820
  41	New Hampshire	1,415,342
  42	Maine	1,414,874
  43	Montana	1,144,694
  44	Rhode Island	1,114,521
  45	Delaware	1,059,952
  46	South Dakota	935,094
  47	North Dakota	799,358
  48	Alaska	737,270
  49	District of Columbia	693,645
  50	Vermont	644,663
  51	Wyoming	588,753

• 43rd of 51 in states by population growth, +0.3% from July 2020 to July 2025.

Compared

Beside the state nearest it by population, and its largest counties each beside the next one down.

• Mississippi and New Mexico
• Bernalillo County, NM and Doña Ana County, NM
• Doña Ana County, NM and Sandoval County, NM
• Sandoval County, NM and Santa Fe County, NM
• Santa Fe County, NM and San Juan County, NM
• San Juan County, NM and Valencia County, NM
• Valencia County, NM and Lea County, NM
• Lea County, NM and Otero County, NM
• Otero County, NM and McKinley County, NM
• McKinley County, NM and Chaves County, NM
• Chaves County, NM and Eddy County, NM

New Mexico elsewhere on the Factbook

• Reported crime Crime and justice

  Offenses reported to police by type, the trend, and the reporting coverage.

• Cities by violent crime rate in New Mexico Crime and justice

  What each agency serving 25,000 or more reported, ranked. Agency populations overlap, so these do not add up to the state.

• Prison population Crime and justice

  People held under the state’s correctional authority, and the imprisonment rate. A different publisher counting a different thing.

• Arrests by race, sex and age Crime and justice

  Arrests as the FBI’s participating agencies reported them, with what the figures can and cannot support at the top.

• Hate crime Crime and justice

  Incidents reported to the FBI by bias motivation, as counts — the collection publishes no participation share, so there is no rate to compare states on.

• Federal obligations Federal spending

  What federal agencies obligated against a place of performance in the state, per resident and by agency.

• Registered nonprofits Nonprofits

  How many organizations the IRS lists in the state, what they report as revenue, and which kinds of work they do.

• Payments to doctors Health

  What drug and device companies reported paying doctors with a practice address in the state, and the largest recipients.

• Immigration courts Immigration and the border

  The EOIR courts sitting in the state, what they completed and still have pending, and how far apart their asylum grant rates are. The courts, not the state’s residents: a detention court hears cases from far outside it.

• Farm program payments Farm subsidies

  What the Farm Service Agency paid through the state’s county offices, by program and by recipient. The offices that administered the payments, not a count of farms: a recipient addressed elsewhere is counted where they were paid.

• Paycheck Protection Program loans PPP loans

  The PPP loans SBA guaranteed to businesses operating in the state, by county, with how many carry a forgiveness amount and how many were charged off. Loans, not businesses: a business with two draws is two loans.

• Public schools Schools

  Pupils, schools and teachers, the largest districts, what districts spend per pupil and where the money comes from, and the colleges that take federal student aid.

• Banks and credit unions Banks and credit unions

  The FDIC-insured banks headquartered in the state and their offices, and the credit unions based there and their sites, each per resident and against every other state.

• Housing Housing

  The homes under HUD’s rental assistance programs in the state, by program and county, and its tax-credit housing, each per resident and against every other state.

• Mortgage lending Mortgage lending

  The mortgage applications, loans and denials lenders reported in the state under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, and its largest lenders and counties.

• Cost of living Cost of living

  BEA’s price level for the state against the nation, for goods, rents, utilities and other services, and its metro areas beside it.

• Treatment facilities Treatment facilities

  Substance use and mental health treatment listings in the state, as SAMHSA’s directories print them: not a license, a rating or a recommendation.

• Health centers Health centers

  Community health center sites in the state, from HRSA’s Data Warehouse, by county and by the organization that runs them: no rating and no recommendation.

• Pandemic relief Pandemic relief

  COVID-19 relief obligated to the state’s government, from PRAC’s state workbook, by awarding agency: not every award made in the state, and no PPP loan.

• County health County health

  CDC’s model-based estimates of adult health, risk behaviors and prevention for every county in the state, each with its 95% interval.

• Historic places Historic places

  Every place on the National Register of Historic Places in the state, by county and by the year it was listed, from the National Park Service’s listed-properties file.

• Health care exclusions Health care program exclusions

  Every exclusion in effect in the state on OIG’s list of people and organizations barred from Medicare, Medicaid and every other federal health care program, by authority and year.

• Registered aircraft Aircraft registry

  Aircraft on the FAA’s register whose registrant’s address is in the state, and the kind of registrant that holds them.

• H-1B salaries H-1B salaries

  The offered wages on H-1B applications the Department of Labor certified with a first worksite in the state, by occupation, each median with the count behind it.

• Disaster declarations Disasters

  Every federal disaster declaration FEMA made for the state, by type, incident and county, with each measure’s rank among the states and territories.

• College athletics Sports

  Every college in the state that reported to the Equity in Athletics survey, ranked by its athletics revenue, with its expenses, athletes and athletic aid.

• Federal civilian workforce Federal salaries

  Federal civilian employees stationed in the state by agency and occupation, with the pay OPM publishes and the share it withholds.

• The New Mexico Factbook entry Across the Factbook

  Every measure the Factbook publishes for this state in one place, each with where it ranks among the others and the record it came from.

The immigration link above is EOIR’s courts, which sit in this state. CBP’s encounters are not by state and will not be: its sectors and field offices are areas of responsibility rather than a geography, and assigning them to states would be a claim the data does not make. Immigration and the border.