Demographics of Montana

Montana had 1,144,694 people on July 1, 2025, by the Census Bureau’s estimate: +57,538 since July 2020. Age, income, poverty, housing and origin below come from the American Community Survey, averaged over 2020–2024, each with its margin of error.

Montana, in five figures

1,144,694
Population: July 1, 2025, Vintage 2025 estimate.; 1,087,156
Population in July 2020: July 1, 2020, Vintage 2025 estimate.; +5.3%
Change since July 2020: +57,538 people.; 40.4 ±0.2
Median age: ACS 2020–⁠2024.; $72,509 ±$761
Median household income: ACS 2020–⁠2024, in 2024 dollars.

Population, year by year

July 1 estimates from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025. Each year’s change is births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from other states, with the Bureau’s small residual. The 2020 row’s components run 3 months, from the April census to July 1.

Montana grew 5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally

The July 1 estimate of Montana's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).

U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change

About this chart

The figures

Montana grew 5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally. The July 1 estimate of Montana's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).
July 1	Population	Change	Index	United States
2020	1,087,156	not reported	100.0	100.0
2021	1,106,416	+19,260	101.8	100.2
2022	1,121,533	+15,117	103.2	100.7
2023	1,130,612	+9,079	104.0	101.6
2024	1,137,557	+6,945	104.6	102.5
2025	1,144,694	+7,137	105.3	103.1

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<figure style="margin:0;max-width:960px">
  <img src="https://americanfactbook.org/embed/chart/demographics-state-population-montana.svg" alt="Montana grew 5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally" style="width:100%;height:auto" loading="lazy">
  <figcaption style="font:13px/1.4 system-ui,sans-serif">Chart: <a href="https://americanfactbook.org/demographics">Montana grew 5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally</a>, American Factbook, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a></figcaption>
</figure>

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Population of Montana on July 1 of each year, Vintage 2025
July 1	Population	Change	Births	Deaths	From abroad	From other states
2020	1,087,156	+2,935	2,824	2,535	+42	+2,715
2021	1,106,416	+19,260	10,851	12,271	+712	+20,693
2022	1,121,533	+15,117	11,210	12,991	+798	+15,474
2023	1,130,612	+9,079	11,027	11,433	+412	+9,017
2024	1,137,557	+6,945	11,294	11,517	+1,929	+5,263
2025	1,144,694	+7,137	11,348	11,438	+899	+6,348

Every county in Montana, July 2025

Largest first. The change and its parts are July 2020 to July 2025, the five full years. “From elsewhere” is net moves from other counties, in this state or another.

Ranked: by population · by population growth

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Counties of Montana by population, July 2025
County	July 2025	Change	Births less deaths	From abroad	From elsewhere
Yellowstone County	172,692	+4.5%	+46	+705	+6,685
Gallatin County	128,740	+7.6%	+2,421	+1,354	+5,435
Missoula County	123,513	+4.4%	+305	+718	+4,137
Flathead County	115,429	+10.1%	+141	+342	+10,147
Cascade County	85,029	+0.7%	−558	+234	+934
Lewis and Clark County	75,331	+5.8%	−351	+199	+4,286
Ravalli County	48,582	+9.4%	−1,007	+167	+5,064
Silver Bow County	36,118	+2.6%	−913	+196	+1,603
Lake County	33,392	+6.9%	−401	+52	+2,489
Lincoln County	22,328	+13.1%	−679	+20	+3,235
Park County	18,214	+5.7%	−212	+62	+1,119
Hill County	16,167	−0.5%	+204	−12	−278
Sanders County	14,062	+12.9%	−367	+1	+1,979
Glacier County	13,463	−2.0%	−97	+2	−179
Jefferson County	13,329	+9.8%	−267	+20	+1,444
Big Horn County	12,752	−2.5%	+84	+47	−454
Custer County	12,034	+1.5%	−102	+11	+267
Fergus County	11,825	+3.1%	−174	+31	+505
Carbon County	11,466	+9.1%	−38	+18	+981
Richland County	11,377	−1.3%	+117	+97	−354
Roosevelt County	10,242	−5.2%	−48	+20	−554
Beaverhead County	10,043	+7.1%	−144	−3	+810
Madison County	10,026	+15.8%	−150	+68	+1,447
Deer Lodge County	9,709	+3.0%	−248	+23	+506
Stillwater County	9,445	+5.0%	−68	−4	+515
Dawson County	8,692	−2.6%	−149	+6	−88
Broadwater County	8,493	+23.8%	+9	−2	+1,631
Rosebud County	8,253	−0.7%	0	+148	−189
Valley County	7,385	−2.4%	−148	+25	−55
Powell County	7,157	+3.1%	−205	+8	+421
Blaine County	6,860	−2.1%	+12	+3	−159
Teton County	6,496	+3.9%	−64	0	+310
Pondera County	6,072	+3.2%	−37	+26	+210
Chouteau County	5,865	−0.8%	−121	+8	+70
Musselshell County	5,582	+17.6%	−83	−11	+925
Toole County	5,211	+4.9%	−40	+55	+221
Mineral County	5,185	+13.5%	−136	+2	+754
Phillips County	4,203	−0.1%	−77	+13	+60
Sweet Grass County	3,762	+2.4%	−63	+19	+135
Granite County	3,658	+10.6%	−56	+18	+383
Sheridan County	3,436	−2.9%	−113	+40	−27
Fallon County	2,959	−2.3%	+50	−3	−115
Judith Basin County	2,162	+6.8%	−1	+5	+128
Meagher County	2,137	+11.2%	−11	0	+223
Wheatland County	2,100	+1.2%	−15	0	+38
Liberty County	1,957	+0.1%	−14	+19	−3
Powder River County	1,781	+5.1%	+2	0	+84
McCone County	1,720	−0.6%	+23	0	−33
Daniels County	1,612	−2.3%	−27	+2	−12
Carter County	1,383	−1.6%	−11	0	−11
Garfield County	1,148	−1.9%	−1	−1	−18
Prairie County	1,112	+1.6%	−42	+3	+58
Wibaux County	885	−5.4%	−71	−1	+22
Golden Valley County	844	+2.7%	−17	0	+39
Treasure County	728	−4.0%	−11	0	−20
Petroleum County	548	+9.2%	+3	0	+44

Every one of Montana’s 26 places of 5,000 or more

Largest first, by the American Community Survey’s 2020–2024 count and its margin of error. A place that is also a county is listed with the counties.

Places of Montana by population, ACS 2020–2024
Place	ACS 2020–⁠2024
Billings city	119,434 ±59
Missoula city	76,514 ±45
Great Falls city	60,329 ±45
Bozeman city	56,114 ±33
Butte-Silver Bow (balance)	35,052 ±191
Helena city	33,639 ±59
Kalispell city	28,504 ±40
Belgrade city	11,872 ±33
Evergreen CDP	9,611 ±1,014
Havre city	9,258 ±27
Helena Valley Southeast CDP	9,108 ±1,009
Livingston city	8,780 ±19
Whitefish city	8,749 ±26
Miles City city	8,407 ±22
Helena Valley West Central CDP	8,056 ±922
Laurel city	7,215 ±18
Lockwood CDP	7,181 ±807
Sidney city	6,171 ±15
Lewistown city	6,087 ±41
Four Corners CDP	5,791 ±905
Columbia Falls city	5,615 ±15
Orchard Homes CDP	5,588 ±636
Bigfork CDP	5,565 ±459
Polson city	5,428 ±23
Helena Valley Northwest CDP	5,183 ±716
Hamilton city	5,101 ±18

Age, 2020–2024

The median age is 40.4 ±0.2: for men 39.6 ±0.2 and for women 41.3 ±0.2. Shares are of everyone the survey counts, in the Bureau’s sex-by-age table (B01001).

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People in Montana by age, ACS 2020–2024
Age	People	Share	United States
Under 5	57,941 ±493	5.2% ±<0.1	5.6% ±<0.1
5 to 17	176,766 ±2,033	15.8% ±0.2	16.3% ±<0.1
18 to 24	100,904 ±2,072	9.0% ±0.2	9.1% ±<0.1
25 to 44	287,917 ±2,325	25.8% ±0.2	26.9% ±<0.1
45 to 64	268,674 ±2,461	24.1% ±0.2	24.8% ±<0.1
65 and over	224,673 ±2,636	20.1% ±0.2	17.2% ±<0.1

Income and poverty, 2020–2024

Median household income is $72,509 ±$761, and income per person $41,711 ±$477, in 2024 dollars. The median is $80,734 ±$166 in the United States.

Households by income

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Households in Montana by income, ACS 2020–2024
Household income	Households	Share	United States
Under $25,000	68,659 ±1,856	15.0% ±0.4	14.6% ±<0.1
$25,000 to $49,999	89,066 ±2,280	19.4% ±0.5	16.7% ±<0.1
$50,000 to $74,999	79,540 ±1,948	17.3% ±0.4	15.5% ±<0.1
$75,000 to $99,999	62,562 ±2,051	13.6% ±0.4	12.6% ±<0.1
$100,000 to $149,999	79,926 ±2,021	17.4% ±0.4	17.5% ±<0.1
$150,000 to $199,999	37,708 ±1,404	8.2% ±0.3	9.6% ±<0.1
$200,000 or more	41,398 ±1,524	9.0% ±0.3	13.4% ±0.1

Poverty by age

The poverty rate is the share of people whose family income is below the federal threshold for their family’s size, of everyone for whom the Bureau determines it (B17020).

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Poverty rate in Montana by age, ACS 2020–2024
Age	Below poverty	Rate	United States
All ages	125,642 ±3,688	11.5% ±0.3	12.5% ±0.1
Under 18	29,250 ±1,342	12.7% ±0.6	16.1% ±0.1
18 to 59	65,845 ±2,376	11.7% ±0.4	11.6% ±0.1
60 and over	30,547 ±1,087	10.3% ±0.4	11.0% ±<0.1

Housing, 2020–2024

Housing in Montana, ACS 2020–2024
Measure	Montana	United States
Housing units	528,419 ±3,257	143,775,355 ±10,234
Occupied	86.8% ±0.5	89.9% ±0.1
Vacant	13.2% ±0.3	10.1% ±0.1
Owner occupied	69.2% ±0.6	65.2% ±0.3
Renter occupied	30.8% ±0.4	34.8% ±0.1
Median home value	$375,800 ±$3,433	$332,700 ±$236
Median gross rent	$1,081 ±$14	$1,413 ±$2
Median year built	1981 ±1	1980 ±1

Occupied and vacant are shares of all housing units; owner and renter occupied are shares of occupied units. Value and rent are medians in 2024 dollars.

Origin and place of birth, 2020–2024

Hispanic or Latino origin is not a race in the Census Bureau’s tables. Here the people of Hispanic origin, of any race, are one row, and everyone else is counted by race alone (B03002), so the rows add to the whole.

Hispanic origin and race

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People in Montana by Hispanic origin and race, ACS 2020–2024
Origin	People	Share	United States
Hispanic or Latino	50,932 ±159	4.6% ±<0.1	19.3% ±<0.1
White alone, not Hispanic	933,610 ±1,948	83.6% ±0.2	57.4% ±<0.1
Black alone, not Hispanic	4,532 ±377	0.4% ±<0.1	11.9% ±<0.1
Asian alone, not Hispanic	8,812 ±562	0.8% ±0.1	5.9% ±<0.1
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic	59,723 ±1,056	5.3% ±0.1	0.5% ±<0.1
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic	453 ±124	< 0.1% ±<0.1	0.2% ±<0.1
Some other race alone, not Hispanic	5,913 ±1,243	0.5% ±0.1	0.6% ±<0.1
Two or more races, not Hispanic	52,900 ±1,752	4.7% ±0.2	4.3% ±<0.1

Place of birth and citizenship

“Born a citizen outside the states” counts people born in Puerto Rico, the island areas, or abroad to American parents. Naturalized citizens and those who are not citizens together make up the people born abroad (B05002).

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People in Montana by place of birth and citizenship, ACS 2020–2024
Born	People	Share	United States
Born in the state	581,593 ±5,157	52.1% ±0.5	57.3% ±<0.1
Born in another state	500,364 ±4,876	44.8% ±0.4	26.9% ±<0.1
Born a citizen outside the states	9,239 ±787	0.8% ±0.1	1.7% ±<0.1
Born abroad	25,679 ±1,394	2.3% ±0.1	14.1% ±<0.1
Naturalized citizens	13,778 ±947	1.2% ±0.1	7.4% ±<0.1
Not citizens	11,901 ±1,082	1.1% ±0.1	6.8% ±<0.1

Where Montana ranks

43rd of 51 in states by population.

California · 39,355,309Wyoming · 588,753

Montana is 43 of 51 by population, July 2025, at 1,144,694. Highest on the left.

The 51 figures behind this strip

Every jurisdiction by population, July 2025, highest first, with Montana marked
Rank	Name	Population, July 2025
1	California	39,355,309
2	Texas	31,709,821
3	Florida	23,462,518
4	New York	20,002,427
5	Pennsylvania	13,059,432
6	Illinois	12,719,141
7	Ohio	11,900,510
8	Georgia	11,302,748
9	North Carolina	11,197,968
10	Michigan	10,127,884
11	New Jersey	9,548,215
12	Virginia	8,880,107
13	Washington	8,001,020
14	Arizona	7,623,818
15	Tennessee	7,315,076
16	Massachusetts	7,154,084
17	Indiana	6,973,333
18	Missouri	6,270,541
19	Maryland	6,265,347
20	Colorado	6,012,561
21	Wisconsin	5,972,787
22	Minnesota	5,830,405
23	South Carolina	5,570,274
24	Alabama	5,193,088
25	Louisiana	4,618,189
26	Kentucky	4,606,864
27	Oregon	4,273,586
28	Oklahoma	4,123,288
29	Connecticut	3,688,496
30	Utah	3,538,904
31	Nevada	3,282,188
32	Iowa	3,238,387
33	Arkansas	3,114,791
34	Kansas	2,977,220
35	Mississippi	2,954,160
36	New Mexico	2,125,498
37	Idaho	2,029,733
38	Nebraska	2,018,006
39	West Virginia	1,766,147
40	Hawaii	1,432,820
41	New Hampshire	1,415,342
42	Maine	1,414,874
43	Montana	1,144,694
44	Rhode Island	1,114,521
45	Delaware	1,059,952
46	South Dakota	935,094
47	North Dakota	799,358
48	Alaska	737,270
49	District of Columbia	693,645
50	Vermont	644,663
51	Wyoming	588,753

13th of 51 in states by population growth, +5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025.

Compared

Beside the state nearest it by population, and its largest counties each beside the next one down.

Montana elsewhere on the Factbook

Reported crimeCrime and justice
Offenses reported to police by type, the trend, and the reporting coverage.
Most dangerous cities in MontanaCrime and justice
What each agency serving 25,000 or more reported, ranked. Agency populations overlap, so these do not add up to the state.
Prison populationCrime and justice
People held under the state’s correctional authority, and the imprisonment rate. A different publisher counting a different thing.
Arrests by race, sex and ageCrime and justice
Arrests as the FBI’s participating agencies reported them, with what the figures can and cannot support at the top.
Hate crimeCrime and justice
Incidents reported to the FBI by bias motivation, as counts — the collection publishes no participation share, so there is no rate to compare states on.
Federal obligationsFederal spending
What federal agencies obligated against a place of performance in the state, per resident and by agency.
Registered nonprofitsNonprofits
How many organizations the IRS lists in the state, what they report as revenue, and which kinds of work they do.
Payments to doctorsHealth
What drug and device companies reported paying doctors with a practice address in the state, and the largest recipients.
Farm program paymentsFarm subsidies
What the Farm Service Agency paid through the state’s county offices, by program and by recipient. The offices that administered the payments, not a count of farms: a recipient addressed elsewhere is counted where they were paid.
Paycheck Protection Program loansPPP loans
The PPP loans SBA guaranteed to businesses operating in the state, by county, with how many carry a forgiveness amount and how many were charged off. Loans, not businesses: a business with two draws is two loans.
Public schoolsSchools
Pupils, schools and teachers, the largest districts, what districts spend per pupil and where the money comes from, and the colleges that take federal student aid.
Federal civilian workforceFederal salaries
Federal civilian employees stationed in the state by agency and occupation, with the pay OPM publishes and the share it withholds.
The Montana Factbook entryAcross the Factbook
Every measure the Factbook publishes for this state in one place, each with where it ranks among the others and the record it came from.

The immigration hub has no page for this state: EOIR runs no immigration court here, and CBP publishes by sector and field office, which are its own areas of responsibility rather than a geography. Immigration and the border.

Sources

Census Bureau population estimates — counties and Puerto Rico municipios, with components of change — U.S. Census Bureau · U.S. Government work · retrieved September 25, 2026
Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change
American Community Survey 5-year estimates — table-based Summary File · U.S. Government work
Census Bureau population estimates — incorporated places and New England towns · U.S. Government work

Data retrieved September 25, 2026