Demographics of Union County, New Mexico

Union County, New Mexico had 3,844 people on July 1, 2025, by the Census Bureau’s estimate: −226 since July 2020. Age, income, poverty, housing and origin below come from the American Community Survey, averaged over 2020–2024, each with its margin of error.

Union County, in four figures

3,844
Population: July 1, 2025, Vintage 2025 estimate.; −5.6%
Change since July 2020: −226 people.; 42.6 ±3.3
Median age: ACS 2020–⁠2024.; $46,694 ±$17,202
Median household income: ACS 2020–⁠2024, in 2024 dollars.

Population, year by year

July 1 estimates from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025. Each year's change is births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from elsewhere in the country, with the Bureau's small residual. The 2020 row's components run 3 months, from the April census to July 1.

Union County, New Mexico's population shrank 5.6% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally

The July 1 estimate of Union County, New Mexico's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).

U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — counties and Puerto Rico municipios, with components of change

About this chart

The figures

Union County, New Mexico's population shrank 5.6% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally. The July 1 estimate of Union County, New Mexico's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).
July 1	Population	Index	United States
2020	4,070	100.0	100.0
2021	4,097	100.7	100.2
2022	4,002	98.3	100.7
2023	3,967	97.5	101.6
2024	3,939	96.8	102.5
2025	3,844	94.4	103.1

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Population of Union County, New Mexico on July 1 of each year, Vintage 2025
July 1	Population	Change	Births less deaths	From abroad	From elsewhere in the country
2020	4,070	−12	−8	0	−3
2021	4,097	+27	−25	+2	+51
2022	4,002	−95	−9	0	−86
2023	3,967	−35	−35	0	+1
2024	3,939	−28	−18	−2	−8
2025	3,844	−95	−26	−5	−65

Age, 2020–2024

The median age is 42.6 ±3.3: for men 41.7 ±4.5 and for women 45.1 ±4.1. Shares are of everyone the survey counts, in the Bureau’s sex-by-age table (B01001).

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People in Union County by age, ACS 2020–2024
Age	People	Share	New Mexico	United States
Under 5	257 ±98	6.4% ±2.4	5.2% ±<0.1	5.6% ±<0.1
5 to 17	599 ±108	14.9% ±2.7	16.5% ±0.2	16.3% ±<0.1
18 to 24	107 to 321	2.7% to 8.0%	9.3% ±0.2	9.1% ±<0.1
25 to 44	1,020 ±209	25.4% ±5.2	26.0% ±0.2	26.9% ±<0.1
45 to 64	1,007 ±202	25.1% ±5.0	23.7% ±0.2	24.8% ±<0.1
65 and over	916 ±133	22.8% ±3.3	19.3% ±0.2	17.2% ±<0.1

A range (the estimate less and plus its margin) where the Bureau's estimate is too uncertain to state as one number: a coefficient of variation over 30%.

Income and poverty, 2020–2024

Median household income is $46,694 ±$17,202, and income per person $38,234 ±$13,687, in 2024 dollars. The median is $64,059 ±$808 in New Mexico and $80,734 ±$166 in the United States.

Households by income

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Households in Union County by income, ACS 2020–2024
Household income	Households	Share	New Mexico	United States
Under $25,000	397 ±121	27.6% ±7.4	20.2% ±0.4	14.6% ±<0.1
$25,000 to $49,999	339 ±103	23.6% ±6.3	19.6% ±0.4	16.7% ±<0.1
$50,000 to $74,999	242 ±88	16.8% ±5.6	16.9% ±0.4	15.5% ±<0.1
$75,000 to $99,999	216 ±72	15.0% ±4.5	12.4% ±0.4	12.6% ±<0.1
$100,000 to $149,999	119 ±57	8.3% ±3.8	15.5% ±0.4	17.5% ±<0.1
$150,000 to $199,999	19 to 109	1.4% to 7.5%	7.6% ±0.2	9.6% ±<0.1
$200,000 or more	22 to 100	1.6% to 6.9%	7.8% ±0.2	13.4% ±0.1

A range (the estimate less and plus its margin) where the Bureau's estimate is too uncertain to state as one number: a coefficient of variation over 30%.

Poverty by age

The poverty rate is the share of people whose family income is below the federal threshold for their family’s size, of everyone for whom the Bureau determines it (B17020).

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Poverty rate in Union County by age, ACS 2020–2024
Age	Below poverty	Rate	New Mexico	United States
All ages	586 ±186	16.6% ±4.9	17.8% ±0.4	12.5% ±0.1
Under 18	67 to 231	8.5% to 26.6%	24.0% ±0.7	16.1% ±0.1
18 to 59	88 to 280	12.0% ±5.7	17.0% ±0.4	11.6% ±0.1
60 and over	253 ±82	21.8% ±6.3	14.3% ±0.4	11.0% ±<0.1

A range (the estimate less and plus its margin) where the Bureau's estimate is too uncertain to state as one number: a coefficient of variation over 30%.

Housing, 2020–2024

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Housing in Union County, ACS 2020–2024
Measure	Union County	New Mexico	United States
Housing units	2,101 ±171	956,964 ±262	143,775,355 ±10,234
Occupied	68.4% ±8.4	87.5% ±0.3	89.9% ±0.1
Vacant	31.6% ±6.0	12.5% ±0.3	10.1% ±0.1
Owner occupied	72.4% ±7.7	70.0% ±0.4	65.2% ±0.3
Renter occupied	27.6% ±6.9	30.0% ±0.4	34.8% ±0.1
Median home value	$122,700 ±$18,473	$248,100 ±$1,957	$332,700 ±$236
Median gross rent	$683 ±$120	$1,067 ±$11	$1,413 ±$2
Median year built	1961 ±6	1985 ±2	1980 ±1

Occupied and vacant are shares of all housing units; owner and renter occupied are shares of occupied units. Value and rent are medians in 2024 dollars.

Origin and place of birth, 2020–2024

Hispanic or Latino origin is not a race in the Census Bureau’s tables. Here the people of Hispanic origin, of any race, are one row, and everyone else is counted by race alone (B03002), so the rows add to the whole.

Hispanic origin and race

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People in Union County by Hispanic origin and race, ACS 2020–2024
Origin	People	Share	New Mexico	United States
Hispanic or Latino	1,609 ±0	40.1% ±<0.1	48.4% ±<0.1	19.3% ±<0.1
White alone, not Hispanic	2,140 ±42	53.3% ±1.0	36.0% ±0.1	57.4% ±<0.1
Black alone, not Hispanic	0 to 86	0% to 2.1%	1.8% ±0.1	11.9% ±<0.1
Asian alone, not Hispanic	0 to 14	0% to 0.3%	1.6% ±<0.1	5.9% ±<0.1
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic	21 to 151	0.5% to 3.8%	8.5% ±0.1	0.5% ±<0.1
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic	0 to 14	0% to 0.3%	0.1% ±<0.1	0.2% ±<0.1
Some other race alone, not Hispanic	0 to 62	0% to 1.5%	0.5% ±0.1	0.6% ±<0.1
Two or more races, not Hispanic	36 to 186	0.9% to 4.6%	3.1% ±0.1	4.3% ±<0.1

A range (the estimate less and plus its margin) where the Bureau's estimate is too uncertain to state as one number: a coefficient of variation over 30%.

Place of birth and citizenship

“Born a citizen outside the states” counts people born in Puerto Rico, the island areas, or abroad to American parents. Naturalized citizens and those who are not citizens together make up the people born abroad (B05002).

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People in Union County by place of birth and citizenship, ACS 2020–2024
Born	People	Share	New Mexico	United States
Born in the state	2,106 ±268	52.5% ±6.7	52.4% ±0.4	57.3% ±<0.1
Born in another state	1,704 ±221	42.5% ±5.5	36.9% ±0.3	26.9% ±<0.1
Born a citizen outside the states	15 to 89	0.4% to 2.2%	1.3% ±0.1	1.7% ±<0.1
Born abroad	65 to 237	1.6% to 5.9%	9.4% ±0.2	14.1% ±<0.1
Naturalized citizens	0 to 40	0% to 1.0%	4.1% ±0.1	7.4% ±<0.1
Not citizens	61 to 205	1.5% to 5.1%	5.3% ±0.2	6.8% ±<0.1

A range (the estimate less and plus its margin) where the Bureau's estimate is too uncertain to state as one number: a coefficient of variation over 30%.

Union County among the counties of New Mexico

30th of 33 by population, July 2025. Every one is listed on the New Mexico page.

Counties of New Mexico near Union County in population, July 2025
County	July 2025	Change since 2020
Sierra County	11,395	−1.4%
Quay County	8,454	−3.0%
Guadalupe County	4,343	−2.2%
Mora County	4,051	−3.3%
Hidalgo County	3,929	−5.6%
Union County	3,844	−5.6%
Catron County	3,827	+6.1%
De Baca County	1,647	−2.4%
Harding County	617	−5.4%

Elsewhere on the site

Sources

Census Bureau population estimates — counties and Puerto Rico municipios, with components of change — U.S. Census Bureau · U.S. Government work · retrieved September 25, 2026
American Community Survey 5-year estimates — table-based Summary File · U.S. Government work

Data retrieved September 25, 2026