Demographics of South Dakota

South Dakota had 935,094 people on July 1, 2025, by the Census Bureau’s estimate: +47,286 since July 2020. Age, income, poverty, housing and origin below come from the American Community Survey, averaged over 2020–2024, each with its margin of error.

South Dakota, in five figures

935,094
Population: July 1, 2025, Vintage 2025 estimate.; 887,808
Population in July 2020: July 1, 2020, Vintage 2025 estimate.; +5.3%
Change since July 2020: +47,286 people.; 38.0 ±0.2
Median age: ACS 2020–⁠2024.; $75,081 ±$888
Median household income: ACS 2020–⁠2024, in 2024 dollars.

Population, year by year

July 1 estimates from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025. Each year’s change is births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from other states, with the Bureau’s small residual. The 2020 row’s components run 3 months, from the April census to July 1.

South Dakota grew 5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally

The July 1 estimate of South Dakota's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).

U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change

About this chart

The figures

South Dakota grew 5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally. The July 1 estimate of South Dakota's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).
July 1	Population	Change	Index	United States
2020	887,808	not reported	100.0	100.0
2021	896,303	+8,495	101.0	100.2
2022	909,156	+12,853	102.4	100.7
2023	917,739	+8,583	103.4	101.6
2024	927,110	+9,371	104.4	102.5
2025	935,094	+7,984	105.3	103.1

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<figure style="margin:0;max-width:960px">
  <img src="https://americanfactbook.org/embed/chart/demographics-state-population-south-dakota.svg" alt="South Dakota grew 5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally" style="width:100%;height:auto" loading="lazy">
  <figcaption style="font:13px/1.4 system-ui,sans-serif">Chart: <a href="https://americanfactbook.org/demographics">South Dakota grew 5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally</a>, American Factbook, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a></figcaption>
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Population of South Dakota on July 1 of each year, Vintage 2025
July 1	Population	Change	Births	Deaths	From abroad	From other states
2020	887,808	+1,152	2,841	2,054	+64	+298
2021	896,303	+8,495	11,064	9,872	+1,100	+6,178
2022	909,156	+12,853	11,244	9,282	+2,380	+8,168
2023	917,739	+8,583	11,183	8,586	+1,361	+4,514
2024	927,110	+9,371	11,309	8,687	+4,754	+1,930
2025	935,094	+7,984	11,299	8,694	+3,183	+2,169

Every county in South Dakota, July 2025

Largest first. The change and its parts are July 2020 to July 2025, the five full years. “From elsewhere” is net moves from other counties, in this state or another.

Ranked: by population · by population growth

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Counties of South Dakota by population, July 2025
County	July 2025	Change	Births less deaths	From abroad	From elsewhere
Minnehaha County	212,691	+7.6%	+5,287	+4,891	+4,624
Pennington County	116,792	+6.6%	+1,160	+703	+5,239
Lincoln County	77,145	+17.5%	+1,857	+343	+9,205
Brookings County	37,635	+9.6%	+799	+1,883	+595
Brown County	37,561	−1.7%	−3	+311	−998
Meade County	30,711	+2.7%	+122	+26	+650
Codington County	29,562	+4.3%	+94	+112	+990
Lawrence County	29,459	+14.0%	−412	+229	+3,700
Yankton County	23,635	+1.5%	−101	+272	+173
Davison County	20,069	+0.5%	−10	+202	−79
Beadle County	19,624	+2.4%	+371	+1,313	−1,220
Hughes County	17,570	−0.9%	+160	−7	−327
Union County	17,402	+3.2%	+238	+155	+148
Clay County	15,031	+0.2%	−71	+205	−113
Oglala Lakota County	13,338	−2.3%	+311	0	−615
Lake County	10,993	−0.2%	+3	+54	−74
Butte County	10,856	+5.5%	+86	−2	+482
Roberts County	10,255	−0.1%	+102	+31	−142
Custer County	9,431	+13.2%	−135	+62	+1,168
Turner County	9,314	+7.3%	+180	+200	+248
Charles Mix County	9,303	−0.5%	+146	+16	−201
Todd County	8,863	−4.9%	−108	+176	−530
Grant County	7,534	> −0.1%	−127	+170	−55
Fall River County	7,467	+7.1%	−431	+38	+891
Hutchinson County	7,413	−0.1%	−125	+80	+36
Bon Homme County	7,244	+3.8%	−16	+6	+271
Hamlin County	6,900	+11.8%	+407	+293	+28
Moody County	6,632	+4.5%	+119	+175	−9
Spink County	6,155	−3.0%	−39	+21	−171
McCook County	5,964	+5.2%	+86	+117	+91
Tripp County	5,708	+1.8%	+108	+3	−4
Day County	5,484	+0.8%	−171	+54	+159
Dewey County	5,419	+3.8%	+354	+1	−165
Kingsbury County	5,284	+1.6%	−34	+14	+105
Brule County	5,278	+0.5%	+100	+26	−103
Walworth County	5,217	−1.4%	+4	−1	−77
Marshall County	4,426	+2.9%	+43	+53	+33
Deuel County	4,408	+2.6%	+87	+23	−4
Gregory County	4,037	+1.1%	−77	+11	+112
Clark County	4,031	+4.7%	+92	+68	+20
Edmunds County	4,022	+1.0%	−14	+59	−5
Corson County	3,781	−2.8%	+107	0	−214
Lyman County	3,694	−0.1%	+95	+32	−132
Hanson County	3,456	−0.3%	+91	+25	−122
Bennett County	3,307	−2.6%	+66	+23	−183
Hand County	3,121	−0.7%	−51	+20	+8
Stanley County	3,018	+1.8%	−14	0	+71
Douglas County	2,888	+1.9%	+34	+55	−35
Perkins County	2,853	+0.8%	−40	0	+64
Aurora County	2,801	+2.6%	+7	+57	+3
Jackson County	2,666	−4.8%	+83	+4	−223
Ziebach County	2,389	−0.1%	+61	+1	−64
Sanborn County	2,388	+2.5%	−8	+22	+45
Potter County	2,377	−3.8%	−62	+15	−41
McPherson County	2,347	−2.2%	−52	+2	−1
Miner County	2,281	−0.8%	−46	0	+28
Faulk County	2,178	+2.3%	+7	+2	+40
Mellette County	2,137	+11.5%	+329	0	−105
Buffalo County	1,802	−6.8%	−20	0	−111
Haakon County	1,802	−3.6%	−15	0	−50
Jerauld County	1,654	+0.6%	−1	+9	+5
Sully County	1,479	+1.9%	−2	+28	+3
Campbell County	1,377	−0.1%	−22	+32	−13
Harding County	1,331	+2.1%	+36	+2	−10
Hyde County	1,191	−4.6%	−44	0	−12
Jones County	913	−1.5%	−3	+63	−68

Every one of South Dakota’s 19 places of 5,000 or more

Largest first, by the American Community Survey’s 2020–2024 count and its margin of error. A place that is also a county is listed with the counties.

Places of South Dakota by population, ACS 2020–2024
Place	ACS 2020–⁠2024
Sioux Falls city	201,469 ±92
Rapid City city	77,946 ±44
Aberdeen city	28,189 ±42
Brookings city	23,948 ±22
Watertown city	23,044 ±23
Mitchell city	15,649 ±48
Yankton city	15,540 ±39
Huron city	14,385 ±34
Pierre city	13,948 ±24
Spearfish city	12,930 ±28
Box Elder city	12,902 ±55
Vermillion city	11,878 ±23
Brandon city	10,996 ±30
Harrisburg city	8,519 ±18
Sturgis city	7,086 ±30
Rapid Valley CDP	6,975 ±823
Tea city	6,786 ±17
Madison city	6,094 ±19
Belle Fourche city	5,804 ±18

Age, 2020–2024

The median age is 38.0 ±0.2: for men 37.3 ±0.2 and for women 38.8 ±0.3. Shares are of everyone the survey counts, in the Bureau’s sex-by-age table (B01001).

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People in South Dakota by age, ACS 2020–2024
Age	People	Share	United States
Under 5	57,081 ±576	6.3% ±0.1	5.6% ±<0.1
5 to 17	162,662 ±2,126	17.9% ±0.2	16.3% ±<0.1
18 to 24	83,939 ±3,227	9.3% ±0.4	9.1% ±<0.1
25 to 44	228,707 ±2,111	25.2% ±0.2	26.9% ±<0.1
45 to 64	211,728 ±2,124	23.3% ±0.2	24.8% ±<0.1
65 and over	163,311 ±2,365	18.0% ±0.3	17.2% ±<0.1

Income and poverty, 2020–2024

Median household income is $75,081 ±$888, and income per person $40,550 ±$520, in 2024 dollars. The median is $80,734 ±$166 in the United States.

Households by income

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Households in South Dakota by income, ACS 2020–2024
Household income	Households	Share	United States
Under $25,000	51,154 ±1,657	14.0% ±0.4	14.6% ±<0.1
$25,000 to $49,999	67,687 ±1,923	18.5% ±0.5	16.7% ±<0.1
$50,000 to $74,999	63,746 ±1,665	17.4% ±0.4	15.5% ±<0.1
$75,000 to $99,999	53,400 ±1,565	14.6% ±0.4	12.6% ±<0.1
$100,000 to $149,999	68,919 ±1,843	18.9% ±0.5	17.5% ±<0.1
$150,000 to $199,999	30,910 ±1,235	8.5% ±0.3	9.6% ±<0.1
$200,000 or more	29,728 ±1,316	8.1% ±0.4	13.4% ±0.1

Poverty by age

The poverty rate is the share of people whose family income is below the federal threshold for their family’s size, of everyone for whom the Bureau determines it (B17020).

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Poverty rate in South Dakota by age, ACS 2020–2024
Age	Below poverty	Rate	United States
All ages	104,798 ±3,713	11.9% ±0.4	12.5% ±0.1
Under 18	30,953 ±1,438	14.3% ±0.6	16.1% ±0.1
18 to 59	52,790 ±2,104	11.8% ±0.5	11.6% ±0.1
60 and over	21,055 ±990	9.7% ±0.4	11.0% ±<0.1

Housing, 2020–2024

Housing in South Dakota, ACS 2020–2024
Measure	South Dakota	United States
Housing units	408,584 ±422	143,775,355 ±10,234
Occupied	89.5% ±0.4	89.9% ±0.1
Vacant	10.5% ±0.4	10.1% ±0.1
Owner occupied	68.6% ±0.5	65.2% ±0.3
Renter occupied	31.4% ±0.5	34.8% ±0.1
Median home value	$257,400 ±$3,051	$332,700 ±$236
Median gross rent	$946 ±$11	$1,413 ±$2
Median year built	1980 ±1	1980 ±1

Occupied and vacant are shares of all housing units; owner and renter occupied are shares of occupied units. Value and rent are medians in 2024 dollars.

Origin and place of birth, 2020–2024

Hispanic or Latino origin is not a race in the Census Bureau’s tables. Here the people of Hispanic origin, of any race, are one row, and everyone else is counted by race alone (B03002), so the rows add to the whole.

Hispanic origin and race

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People in South Dakota by Hispanic origin and race, ACS 2020–2024
Origin	People	Share	United States
Hispanic or Latino	43,777 ±216	4.8% ±<0.1	19.3% ±<0.1
White alone, not Hispanic	723,729 ±1,029	79.8% ±0.1	57.4% ±<0.1
Black alone, not Hispanic	19,404 ±905	2.1% ±0.1	11.9% ±<0.1
Asian alone, not Hispanic	12,663 ±739	1.4% ±0.1	5.9% ±<0.1
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic	64,713 ±1,211	7.1% ±0.1	0.5% ±<0.1
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic	329 ±155	< 0.1% ±<0.1	0.2% ±<0.1
Some other race alone, not Hispanic	3,075 ±678	0.3% ±0.1	0.6% ±<0.1
Two or more races, not Hispanic	39,738 ±1,911	4.4% ±0.2	4.3% ±<0.1

Place of birth and citizenship

“Born a citizen outside the states” counts people born in Puerto Rico, the island areas, or abroad to American parents. Naturalized citizens and those who are not citizens together make up the people born abroad (B05002).

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People in South Dakota by place of birth and citizenship, ACS 2020–2024
Born	People	Share	United States
Born in the state	566,279 ±3,864	62.4% ±0.4	57.3% ±<0.1
Born in another state	298,452 ±3,960	32.9% ±0.4	26.9% ±<0.1
Born a citizen outside the states	6,709 ±837	0.7% ±0.1	1.7% ±<0.1
Born abroad	35,988 ±2,066	4.0% ±0.2	14.1% ±<0.1
Naturalized citizens	15,492 ±1,232	1.7% ±0.1	7.4% ±<0.1
Not citizens	20,496 ±1,779	2.3% ±0.2	6.8% ±<0.1

Where South Dakota ranks

46th of 51 in states by population.

California · 39,355,309Wyoming · 588,753

South Dakota is 46 of 51 by population, July 2025, at 935,094. Highest on the left.

The 51 figures behind this strip

Every jurisdiction by population, July 2025, highest first, with South Dakota marked
Rank	Name	Population, July 2025
1	California	39,355,309
2	Texas	31,709,821
3	Florida	23,462,518
4	New York	20,002,427
5	Pennsylvania	13,059,432
6	Illinois	12,719,141
7	Ohio	11,900,510
8	Georgia	11,302,748
9	North Carolina	11,197,968
10	Michigan	10,127,884
11	New Jersey	9,548,215
12	Virginia	8,880,107
13	Washington	8,001,020
14	Arizona	7,623,818
15	Tennessee	7,315,076
16	Massachusetts	7,154,084
17	Indiana	6,973,333
18	Missouri	6,270,541
19	Maryland	6,265,347
20	Colorado	6,012,561
21	Wisconsin	5,972,787
22	Minnesota	5,830,405
23	South Carolina	5,570,274
24	Alabama	5,193,088
25	Louisiana	4,618,189
26	Kentucky	4,606,864
27	Oregon	4,273,586
28	Oklahoma	4,123,288
29	Connecticut	3,688,496
30	Utah	3,538,904
31	Nevada	3,282,188
32	Iowa	3,238,387
33	Arkansas	3,114,791
34	Kansas	2,977,220
35	Mississippi	2,954,160
36	New Mexico	2,125,498
37	Idaho	2,029,733
38	Nebraska	2,018,006
39	West Virginia	1,766,147
40	Hawaii	1,432,820
41	New Hampshire	1,415,342
42	Maine	1,414,874
43	Montana	1,144,694
44	Rhode Island	1,114,521
45	Delaware	1,059,952
46	South Dakota	935,094
47	North Dakota	799,358
48	Alaska	737,270
49	District of Columbia	693,645
50	Vermont	644,663
51	Wyoming	588,753

10th of 51 in states by population growth, +5.3% from July 2020 to July 2025.

Compared

Beside the state nearest it by population, and its largest counties each beside the next one down.

South Dakota elsewhere on the Factbook

Reported crimeCrime and justice
Offenses reported to police by type, the trend, and the reporting coverage.
Most dangerous cities in South DakotaCrime and justice
What each agency serving 25,000 or more reported, ranked. Agency populations overlap, so these do not add up to the state.
Prison populationCrime and justice
People held under the state’s correctional authority, and the imprisonment rate. A different publisher counting a different thing.
Arrests by race, sex and ageCrime and justice
Arrests as the FBI’s participating agencies reported them, with what the figures can and cannot support at the top.
Hate crimeCrime and justice
Incidents reported to the FBI by bias motivation, as counts — the collection publishes no participation share, so there is no rate to compare states on.
Federal obligationsFederal spending
What federal agencies obligated against a place of performance in the state, per resident and by agency.
Registered nonprofitsNonprofits
How many organizations the IRS lists in the state, what they report as revenue, and which kinds of work they do.
Payments to doctorsHealth
What drug and device companies reported paying doctors with a practice address in the state, and the largest recipients.
Farm program paymentsFarm subsidies
What the Farm Service Agency paid through the state’s county offices, by program and by recipient. The offices that administered the payments, not a count of farms: a recipient addressed elsewhere is counted where they were paid.
Paycheck Protection Program loansPPP loans
The PPP loans SBA guaranteed to businesses operating in the state, by county, with how many carry a forgiveness amount and how many were charged off. Loans, not businesses: a business with two draws is two loans.
Public schoolsSchools
Pupils, schools and teachers, the largest districts, what districts spend per pupil and where the money comes from, and the colleges that take federal student aid.
Federal civilian workforceFederal salaries
Federal civilian employees stationed in the state by agency and occupation, with the pay OPM publishes and the share it withholds.
The South Dakota Factbook entryAcross the Factbook
Every measure the Factbook publishes for this state in one place, each with where it ranks among the others and the record it came from.

The immigration hub has no page for this state: EOIR runs no immigration court here, and CBP publishes by sector and field office, which are its own areas of responsibility rather than a geography. Immigration and the border.

Sources

Census Bureau population estimates — counties and Puerto Rico municipios, with components of change — U.S. Census Bureau · U.S. Government work · retrieved September 25, 2026
Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change
American Community Survey 5-year estimates — table-based Summary File · U.S. Government work
Census Bureau population estimates — incorporated places and New England towns · U.S. Government work

Data retrieved September 25, 2026