Skip to content
American Factbook
Menu

Demographics of the United States

The Census Bureau estimates that 341,784,857 people lived in the United States on July 1, 2025, 10,206,753 more than five years earlier. Income, poverty, homeownership and origin below come from its American Community Survey, a sample averaged over 2020–2024, and each carries its margin of error.

The country, July 2025

341,784,857
Population
July 1, 2025, from the Vintage 2025 estimates.
+3.1%
Change since July 2020
+10,206,753 people: 1,897,808 more births than deaths, 8,308,945 net from abroad.
$80,734
Median household income
±$166, ACS 2020–⁠2024, in 2024 dollars.
14.1%
Born outside the United States
±<0.1 points, ACS 2020–⁠2024.

What stands out

Five findings. From the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 estimates and the ACS 2020–2024, each one a row from a query.

  • From July 2020 to July 2025 the country grew by 10,206,753 people, and 8,308,945 of them, 81.4%, were net international migration. Births outnumbered deaths by 1,897,808. The United States →

    The components cover the five full years; the Bureau's first year of this vintage runs from the April 2020 census and is three months long, so it is left out of both sides.

  • In 21 of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, more people died than were born from July 2020 to July 2025. 21 states →

    Natural change is births less deaths, as the estimates record them; a state can still grow by migration, and most of these did.

  • Idaho grew fastest, +9.8% from July 2020 to July 2025. 7 states have fewer people than in 2020, and West Virginia lost the largest share, 1.4%. Idaho →

  • California lost 1,629,468 more people to other states than it gained from them, from July 2020 to July 2025, the most of any state. Florida gained the most, 828,686. California →

    Domestic migration is moves between states, so it nets to zero across the 50 states and the District; the source holds every load to that.

  • Median household income ran from $56,447 in Mississippi to $109,870 in the District of Columbia, over 2020–2024. District of Columbia →

    Five-year ACS estimates in 2024 dollars, within ±$539 in Mississippi and ±$1,937 in the District of Columbia, at 90% confidence.

The population, year by year

The population grew +3.1% from July 2020 to July 2025, and 81.4% of the people added came from abroad

The July 1 estimate of the resident population, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025. The 2020 point is three months after the April census.

"From abroad" is net international migration, which the Bureau estimates; the rest of the change is births less deaths. The first year has no change beside it: its components run from the April census and are not a year.

U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change

About this chart

The figures

The population grew +3.1% from July 2020 to July 2025, and 81.4% of the people added came from abroad. The July 1 estimate of the resident population, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025. The 2020 point is three months after the April census.
July 1PopulationChangeBirths less deathsFrom abroad
2020331,578,104not reportednot reportednot reported
2021332,100,166+522,062+146,036+376,026
2022333,996,304+1,896,138+224,026+1,672,112
2023336,755,052+2,758,748+494,611+2,264,137
2024340,003,797+3,248,745+514,277+2,734,468
2025341,784,857+1,781,060+518,858+1,262,202

Embed this chart

Paste this where you want the chart. The picture carries its title, source and credit, under the site’s license.

Every state, by population, and where its change came from

July 1 estimates, largest first. The components are July 2020 to July 2025, the five full years; they are births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from other states, and with the Bureau’s small residual they add to the change.

Idaho grew fastest, +9.8% from July 2020 to July 2025, and deaths outnumbered births in 21 of the 50 states and the District

The change in each state's population from July 2020 to July 2025, from the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 estimates. Hatching marks a state where more people died than were born over the same years.

Key: 5 shades, lightest to darkest: under +1.0%; +1.0% to +2.0%; +2.0% to +3.0%; +3.0% to +5.0%; +5.0% and over. crosshatched: not reported. hatched: more deaths than births.

Too small to see on the map:District of Columbia+3.4%

West Virginia lost the largest share of its people, −1.4%.

Puerto Rico, a territory, is estimated separately and is not drawn: it changed −2.9% over the same years.

U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change

About this chart

The figures

Idaho grew fastest, +9.8% from July 2020 to July 2025, and deaths outnumbered births in 21 of the 50 states and the District. The change in each state's population from July 2020 to July 2025, from the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 estimates. Hatching marks a state where more people died than were born over the same years.
StateChangeChange in peopleBirths less deathsFrom abroadFrom other states
Idaho+9.8%+180,405+26,681+24,088+130,972
Florida+8.7%+1,871,193−97,015+1,130,489+828,686
South Carolina+8.5%+438,282−17,147+86,749+364,272
Texas+8.5%+2,471,926+691,277+1,015,881+760,233
Utah+7.8%+254,934+119,972+85,018+50,241
North Carolina+7.2%+747,753+45,424+231,300+468,133
Delaware+6.9%+68,062−2,761+19,623+50,977
Arizona+6.1%+437,171+19,216+163,401+252,762
Tennessee+5.6%+387,340−10,238+115,333+277,999
South Dakota+5.3%+47,286+10,978+12,778+22,959
Georgia+5.3%+570,153+111,949+234,613+221,265
Nevada+5.3%+165,337+10,180+68,837+85,718
Montana+5.3%+57,538−3,920+4,750+56,795
Oklahoma+4.0%+158,045+2,714+51,516+103,396
Colorado+3.9%+225,688+83,994+129,979+10,528
Maine+3.7%+50,328−25,795+21,083+54,977
Washington+3.5%+274,208+79,508+222,587−24,858
District of Columbia+3.4%+22,687+13,970+27,350−18,507
Arkansas+3.3%+100,392−12,747+31,671+81,020
Alabama+3.2%+160,126−26,341+53,868+131,598
Connecticut+3.0%+108,853+6,086+109,734−6,711
New Jersey+3.0%+277,739+110,548+378,925−211,131
Virginia+2.8%+242,804+64,250+206,929−29,143
Nebraska+2.8%+54,688+27,931+40,356−13,330
Indiana+2.7%+183,043+25,844+117,581+40,333
New Hampshire+2.7%+36,590−10,869+12,215+34,962
North Dakota+2.5%+19,746+12,673+13,058−5,603
Massachusetts+2.4%+168,764+31,660+285,857−145,282
Kentucky+2.2%+98,593−18,482+81,670+34,789
Minnesota+2.1%+119,843+59,401+96,517−35,757
Wyoming+1.9%+11,084+255+2,651+8,255
Missouri+1.9%+115,467−12,275+69,437+57,454
Rhode Island+1.6%+18,034−3,088+30,850−9,756
Iowa+1.5%+47,306+11,374+44,815−8,906
Maryland+1.4%+86,960+56,559+158,613−129,734
Kansas+1.3%+38,946+16,815+44,141−22,373
Wisconsin+1.3%+75,416−368+67,447+9,600
Ohio+0.9%+101,976−44,281+176,435−27,732
Oregon+0.7%+30,042−20,197+56,559−6,154
Alaska+0.6%+4,364+17,190+9,751−22,573
Michigan+0.6%+55,590−40,107+156,168−60,803
Pennsylvania+0.5%+63,856−81,866+196,095−50,746
New Mexico+0.3%+7,052−11,245+29,586−11,258
Vermont+0.3%+1,698−8,417+4,873+5,437
Mississippi−0.1%−4,225−17,505+34,143−20,786
California−0.4%−172,499+502,538+972,424−1,629,468
New York−0.6%−119,835+187,259+747,996−1,045,769
Illinois−0.6%−76,207+38,983+313,184−431,149
Louisiana−0.7%−33,956+13,318+90,563−138,644
Hawaii−1.3%−18,310+11,845+24,356−54,537
West Virginia−1.4%−25,523−47,920+5,102+17,349

3 more columns on a wider screen

Population by state, July 2020 and July 2025, Vintage 2025
StateJuly 2025Change
California39,355,309−0.4%
Texas31,709,821+8.5%
Florida23,462,518+8.7%
New York20,002,427−0.6%
Pennsylvania13,059,432+0.5%
Illinois12,719,141−0.6%
Ohio11,900,510+0.9%
Georgia11,302,748+5.3%
North Carolina11,197,968+7.2%
Michigan10,127,884+0.6%
New Jersey9,548,215+3.0%
Virginia8,880,107+2.8%
Washington8,001,020+3.5%
Arizona7,623,818+6.1%
Tennessee7,315,076+5.6%
Massachusetts7,154,084+2.4%
Indiana6,973,333+2.7%
Missouri6,270,541+1.9%
Maryland6,265,347+1.4%
Colorado6,012,561+3.9%
Wisconsin5,972,787+1.3%
Minnesota5,830,405+2.1%
South Carolina5,570,274+8.5%
Alabama5,193,088+3.2%
Louisiana4,618,189−0.7%
Kentucky4,606,864+2.2%
Oregon4,273,586+0.7%
Oklahoma4,123,288+4.0%
Connecticut3,688,496+3.0%
Utah3,538,904+7.8%
Nevada3,282,188+5.3%
Iowa3,238,387+1.5%
Arkansas3,114,791+3.3%
Kansas2,977,220+1.3%
Mississippi2,954,160−0.1%
New Mexico2,125,498+0.3%
Idaho2,029,733+9.8%
Nebraska2,018,006+2.8%
West Virginia1,766,147−1.4%
Hawaii1,432,820−1.3%
New Hampshire1,415,342+2.7%
Maine1,414,874+3.7%
Montana1,144,694+5.3%
Rhode Island1,114,521+1.6%
Delaware1,059,952+6.9%
South Dakota935,094+5.3%
North Dakota799,358+2.5%
Alaska737,270+0.6%
District of Columbia693,645+3.4%
Vermont644,663+0.3%
Wyoming588,753+1.9%
Puerto Rico (territory)3,184,835−2.9%

Puerto Rico is a territory. The Census Bureau estimates it separately from the 50 states and the District of Columbia, which the ranking and the national figures are of, so its figure is shown beneath them and not ranked.

Income, poverty and origin in every state, 2020–2024

American Community Survey five-year estimates, highest median household income first, each with its margin at 90% confidence. Dollars are 2024 dollars. Shares are of the table’s own total: poverty of the people for whom it is determined, homes of occupied housing units.

3 more columns on a wider screen

Median household income, poverty, homeownership and origin by state, ACS 2020–2024
StateMedian household incomeBelow poverty
District of Columbia$109,870 ±$1,93715.4% ±0.7
Massachusetts$103,960 ±$52710.0% ±0.1
Maryland$103,678 ±$5979.4% ±0.2
New Jersey$103,556 ±$5139.7% ±0.2
Hawaii$100,389 ±$1,12110.0% ±0.3
California$99,122 ±$31012.0% ±0.1
New Hampshire$99,031 ±$1,1237.2% ±0.3
Washington$98,141 ±$4149.9% ±0.2
Connecticut$95,781 ±$73210.0% ±0.2
Colorado$95,470 ±$5789.4% ±0.2
Utah$95,166 ±$7748.5% ±0.2
Virginia$93,170 ±$4589.9% ±0.2
Alaska$92,788 ±$1,23210.1% ±0.4
Minnesota$89,062 ±$4099.3% ±0.2
Rhode Island$87,796 ±$1,20911.2% ±0.4
New York$85,974 ±$40214.0% ±0.2
Delaware$84,954 ±$1,25110.4% ±0.4
Illinois$83,390 ±$36211.8% ±0.1
Oregon$83,011 ±$57311.9% ±0.2
Vermont$81,203 ±$1,33910.1% ±0.4
Arizona$79,964 ±$40712.5% ±0.2
Texas$78,476 ±$26313.8% ±0.1
Nevada$78,260 ±$59612.4% ±0.3
Pennsylvania$77,971 ±$34211.7% ±0.1
Idaho$77,800 ±$74310.6% ±0.3
Wisconsin$77,485 ±$45510.6% ±0.1
Georgia$77,353 ±$40713.4% ±0.2
North Dakota$76,657 ±$1,16310.8% ±0.4
Nebraska$76,475 ±$63310.6% ±0.3
Wyoming$76,176 ±$1,16810.5% ±0.6
South Dakota$75,081 ±$88811.9% ±0.4
Iowa$75,059 ±$41811.1% ±0.2
Maine$74,733 ±$79510.7% ±0.3
Florida$74,568 ±$28412.6% ±0.1
Kansas$74,275 ±$47511.3% ±0.2
Michigan$72,875 ±$29313.2% ±0.2
Montana$72,509 ±$76111.5% ±0.3
North Carolina$72,388 ±$32413.0% ±0.2
Indiana$71,957 ±$35212.3% ±0.2
Ohio$71,389 ±$32113.3% ±0.2
Missouri$70,702 ±$32512.6% ±0.2
Tennessee$69,595 ±$42913.8% ±0.2
South Carolina$69,324 ±$57014.1% ±0.2
Oklahoma$65,039 ±$43915.3% ±0.2
New Mexico$64,059 ±$80817.8% ±0.4
Alabama$63,999 ±$39915.6% ±0.2
Kentucky$63,726 ±$42916.1% ±0.3
Arkansas$60,773 ±$46716.0% ±0.2
Louisiana$60,756 ±$40818.9% ±0.3
West Virginia$59,608 ±$69116.7% ±0.4
Mississippi$56,447 ±$53918.9% ±0.3
Puerto Rico (territory)$26,297 ±$26140.5% ±0.4

Puerto Rico is a territory. The Census Bureau estimates it separately from the 50 states and the District of Columbia, which the ranking and the national figures are of, so its figure is shown beneath them and not ranked.

The largest and the fastest-growing states

By population

Largest

  1. California39,355,309
  2. Texas31,709,821
  3. Florida23,462,518
  4. New York20,002,427
  5. Pennsylvania13,059,432

Smallest

  1. North Dakota799,358
  2. Alaska737,270
  3. District of Columbia693,645
  4. Vermont644,663
  5. Wyoming588,753

By growth, July 2020 to July 2025

Fastest

  1. Idaho+9.8%
  2. Florida+8.7%
  3. South Carolina+8.5%
  4. Texas+8.5%
  5. Utah+7.8%

Slowest

  1. New York−0.6%
  2. Illinois−0.6%
  3. Louisiana−0.7%
  4. Hawaii−1.3%
  5. West Virginia−1.4%

Analysis

Each brief is prose written around values a query returned. Every figure in one is re-checked against its query before it can merge, so a number in the text cannot drift from the data behind it.

  • More than a third of Americans live in no incorporated city

    The Census Bureau estimates 341,784,857 people in the fifty states and the District on July 1, 2025. 126,122,430 of them — 36.9% — live outside every incorporated place: outside every city, town, village and borough with a government of its own. For them, the local page on this site is the county's.

    American Factbook Research · September 26, 2026

  • The largest places with no city government

    The Census Bureau counts 6,767 places of 5,000 people or more in the fifty states and the District, in its American Community Survey for 2020–2024. 1,932 of them are census-designated places: communities the Bureau draws and names so that they can be counted, which are not incorporated and have no municipal government of their own. They are home to 31,532,118 people, 13.9% of everyone living in a place of that size.

    American Factbook Research · September 26, 2026

  • Where the country grew, 2020 to 2025

    The population of the fifty states and the District of Columbia grew by 10,206,753 from July 2020 to July 2025, from 331,578,104 to 341,784,857, a rise of 3.1%. Net migration from abroad was 8,308,945 of it, 81.4% of the change. Births outnumbered deaths by 1,897,808.

    American Factbook Research · September 26, 2026

Everything in this hub

Every page in this topic, by kind: 12,028 in all.

Sources

Data retrieved