Demographics of Minnesota
Minnesota had 5,830,405 people on July 1, 2025, by the Census Bureau’s estimate: +119,843 since July 2020. Age, income, poverty, housing and origin below come from the American Community Survey, averaged over 2020–2024, each with its margin of error.
Minnesota, in five figures
- 5,830,405
- Population
- July 1, 2025, Vintage 2025 estimate.
- 5,710,562
- Population in July 2020
- July 1, 2020, Vintage 2025 estimate.
- +2.1%
- Change since July 2020
- +119,843 people.
- 38.8 ±0.1
- Median age
- ACS 2020–2024.
- $89,062 ±$409
- Median household income
- ACS 2020–2024, in 2024 dollars.
Population, year by year
July 1 estimates from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025. Each year’s change is births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from other states, with the Bureau’s small residual. The 2020 row’s components run 3 months, from the April census to July 1.
Minnesota grew 2.1% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally
The July 1 estimate of Minnesota's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).
U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change
About this chart
The figures
| July 1 | Population | Change | Index | United States |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 5,710,562 | not reported | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| 2021 | 5,714,055 | +3,493 | 100.1 | 100.2 |
| 2022 | 5,727,565 | +13,510 | 100.3 | 100.7 |
| 2023 | 5,752,998 | +25,433 | 100.7 | 101.6 |
| 2024 | 5,797,405 | +44,407 | 101.5 | 102.5 |
| 2025 | 5,830,405 | +33,000 | 102.1 | 103.1 |
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| July 1 | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 5,710,562 | +3,829 |
| 2021 | 5,714,055 | +3,493 |
| 2022 | 5,727,565 | +13,510 |
| 2023 | 5,752,998 | +25,433 |
| 2024 | 5,797,405 | +44,407 |
| 2025 | 5,830,405 | +33,000 |
Every county in Minnesota, July 2025
Largest first. The change and its parts are July 2020 to July 2025, the five full years. “From elsewhere” is net moves from other counties, in this state or another.
Ranked: by population · by population growth
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Every one of Minnesota’s 152 places of 5,000 or more
Largest first, by the American Community Survey’s 2020–2024 count and its margin of error. A place that is also a county is listed with the counties.
Age, 2020–2024
The median age is 38.8 ±0.1: for men 38.1 ±0.1 and for women 39.5 ±0.1. Shares are of everyone the survey counts, in the Bureau’s sex-by-age table (B01001).
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| Age | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Under 5 | 333,675 ±735 | 5.8% ±<0.1 |
| 5 to 17 | 978,515 ±4,803 | 17.0% ±0.1 |
| 18 to 24 | 503,511 ±4,106 | 8.8% ±0.1 |
| 25 to 44 | 1,525,348 ±5,510 | 26.6% ±0.1 |
| 45 to 64 | 1,406,011 ±4,540 | 24.5% ±0.1 |
| 65 and over | 992,385 ±4,968 | 17.3% ±0.1 |
Income and poverty, 2020–2024
Median household income is $89,062 ±$409, and income per person $48,237 ±$234, in 2024 dollars. The median is $80,734 ±$166 in the United States.
Households by income
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| Household income | Households | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Under $25,000 | 270,092 ±3,885 | 11.7% ±0.2 |
| $25,000 to $49,999 | 344,963 ±4,308 | 14.9% ±0.2 |
| $50,000 to $74,999 | 359,306 ±4,212 | 15.6% ±0.2 |
| $75,000 to $99,999 | 304,114 ±3,345 | 13.2% ±0.1 |
| $100,000 to $149,999 | 452,575 ±4,755 | 19.6% ±0.2 |
| $150,000 to $199,999 | 257,864 ±3,610 | 11.2% ±0.2 |
| $200,000 or more | 319,041 ±3,222 | 13.8% ±0.1 |
Poverty by age
The poverty rate is the share of people whose family income is below the federal threshold for their family’s size, of everyone for whom the Bureau determines it (B17020).
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| Age | Below poverty | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| All ages | 522,508 ±9,015 | 9.3% ±0.2 |
| Under 18 | 133,385 ±3,770 | 10.3% ±0.3 |
| 18 to 59 | 271,979 ±4,808 | 9.1% ±0.2 |
| 60 and over | 117,144 ±2,426 | 8.7% ±0.2 |
Housing, 2020–2024
| Measure | Minnesota | United States |
|---|---|---|
| Housing units | 2,545,030 ±1,535 | 143,775,355 ±10,234 |
| Occupied | 90.7% ±0.2 | 89.9% ±0.1 |
| Vacant | 9.3% ±0.2 | 10.1% ±0.1 |
| Owner occupied | 72.2% ±0.3 | 65.2% ±0.3 |
| Renter occupied | 27.8% ±0.2 | 34.8% ±0.1 |
| Median home value | $329,300 ±$903 | $332,700 ±$236 |
| Median gross rent | $1,280 ±$7 | $1,413 ±$2 |
| Median year built | 1979 ±1 | 1980 ±1 |
Occupied and vacant are shares of all housing units; owner and renter occupied are shares of occupied units. Value and rent are medians in 2024 dollars.
Origin and place of birth, 2020–2024
Hispanic or Latino origin is not a race in the Census Bureau’s tables. Here the people of Hispanic origin, of any race, are one row, and everyone else is counted by race alone (B03002), so the rows add to the whole.
Hispanic origin and race
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| Origin | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino | 365,831 ±77 | 6.4% ±<0.1 |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 4,355,373 ±2,842 | 75.9% ±<0.1 |
| Black alone, not Hispanic | 398,881 ±4,406 | 6.9% ±0.1 |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 292,015 ±2,210 | 5.1% ±<0.1 |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 40,904 ±1,061 | 0.7% ±<0.1 |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 2,184 ±315 | < 0.1% ±<0.1 |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 27,918 ±2,565 | 0.5% ±<0.1 |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 256,339 ±5,569 | 4.5% ±0.1 |
Place of birth and citizenship
“Born a citizen outside the states” counts people born in Puerto Rico, the island areas, or abroad to American parents. Naturalized citizens and those who are not citizens together make up the people born abroad (B05002).
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| Born | People | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Born in the state | 3,849,026 ±8,743 | 67.1% ±0.2 |
| Born in another state | 1,340,695 ±8,132 | 23.4% ±0.1 |
| Born a citizen outside the states | 52,002 ±1,957 | 0.9% ±<0.1 |
| Born abroad | 497,722 ±5,892 | 8.7% ±0.1 |
| Naturalized citizens | 293,146 ±4,250 | 5.1% ±0.1 |
| Not citizens | 204,576 ±4,788 | 3.6% ±0.1 |
Where Minnesota ranks
- 22nd of 51 in states by population.California · 39,355,309Wyoming · 588,753
Minnesota is 22 of 51 by population, July 2025, at 5,830,405. Highest on the left.
The 51 figures behind this strip
Every jurisdiction by population, July 2025, highest first, with Minnesota marked Rank Name Population, July 2025 1 California 39,355,309 2 Texas 31,709,821 3 Florida 23,462,518 4 New York 20,002,427 5 Pennsylvania 13,059,432 6 Illinois 12,719,141 7 Ohio 11,900,510 8 Georgia 11,302,748 9 North Carolina 11,197,968 10 Michigan 10,127,884 11 New Jersey 9,548,215 12 Virginia 8,880,107 13 Washington 8,001,020 14 Arizona 7,623,818 15 Tennessee 7,315,076 16 Massachusetts 7,154,084 17 Indiana 6,973,333 18 Missouri 6,270,541 19 Maryland 6,265,347 20 Colorado 6,012,561 21 Wisconsin 5,972,787 22 Minnesota 5,830,405 23 South Carolina 5,570,274 24 Alabama 5,193,088 25 Louisiana 4,618,189 26 Kentucky 4,606,864 27 Oregon 4,273,586 28 Oklahoma 4,123,288 29 Connecticut 3,688,496 30 Utah 3,538,904 31 Nevada 3,282,188 32 Iowa 3,238,387 33 Arkansas 3,114,791 34 Kansas 2,977,220 35 Mississippi 2,954,160 36 New Mexico 2,125,498 37 Idaho 2,029,733 38 Nebraska 2,018,006 39 West Virginia 1,766,147 40 Hawaii 1,432,820 41 New Hampshire 1,415,342 42 Maine 1,414,874 43 Montana 1,144,694 44 Rhode Island 1,114,521 45 Delaware 1,059,952 46 South Dakota 935,094 47 North Dakota 799,358 48 Alaska 737,270 49 District of Columbia 693,645 50 Vermont 644,663 51 Wyoming 588,753 - 30th of 51 in states by population growth, +2.1% from July 2020 to July 2025.
Compared
Beside the state nearest it by population, and its largest counties each beside the next one down.
- Wisconsin and Minnesota
- Hennepin County, MN and Ramsey County, MN
- Ramsey County, MN and Dakota County, MN
- Dakota County, MN and Anoka County, MN
- Anoka County, MN and Washington County, MN
- Washington County, MN and St. Louis County, MN
- St. Louis County, MN and Olmsted County, MN
- Olmsted County, MN and Stearns County, MN
- Stearns County, MN and Scott County, MN
- Scott County, MN and Wright County, MN
- Wright County, MN and Carver County, MN
Minnesota elsewhere on the Factbook
- Reported crimeCrime and justice
Offenses reported to police by type, the trend, and the reporting coverage.
- Most dangerous cities in MinnesotaCrime and justice
What each agency serving 25,000 or more reported, ranked. Agency populations overlap, so these do not add up to the state.
- Prison populationCrime and justice
People held under the state’s correctional authority, and the imprisonment rate. A different publisher counting a different thing.
- Arrests by race, sex and ageCrime and justice
Arrests as the FBI’s participating agencies reported them, with what the figures can and cannot support at the top.
- Hate crimeCrime and justice
Incidents reported to the FBI by bias motivation, as counts — the collection publishes no participation share, so there is no rate to compare states on.
- Federal obligationsFederal spending
What federal agencies obligated against a place of performance in the state, per resident and by agency.
- Registered nonprofitsNonprofits
How many organizations the IRS lists in the state, what they report as revenue, and which kinds of work they do.
- Payments to doctorsHealth
What drug and device companies reported paying doctors with a practice address in the state, and the largest recipients.
- Immigration courtsImmigration and the border
The EOIR courts sitting in the state, what they completed and still have pending, and how far apart their asylum grant rates are. The courts, not the state’s residents: a detention court hears cases from far outside it.
- Farm program paymentsFarm subsidies
What the Farm Service Agency paid through the state’s county offices, by program and by recipient. The offices that administered the payments, not a count of farms: a recipient addressed elsewhere is counted where they were paid.
- Paycheck Protection Program loansPPP loans
The PPP loans SBA guaranteed to businesses operating in the state, by county, with how many carry a forgiveness amount and how many were charged off. Loans, not businesses: a business with two draws is two loans.
- Public schoolsSchools
Pupils, schools and teachers, the largest districts, what districts spend per pupil and where the money comes from, and the colleges that take federal student aid.
- Federal civilian workforceFederal salaries
Federal civilian employees stationed in the state by agency and occupation, with the pay OPM publishes and the share it withholds.
- The Minnesota Factbook entryAcross the Factbook
Every measure the Factbook publishes for this state in one place, each with where it ranks among the others and the record it came from.
The immigration link above is EOIR’s courts, which sit in this state. CBP’s encounters are not by state and will not be: its sectors and field offices are areas of responsibility rather than a geography, and assigning them to states would be a claim the data does not make. Immigration and the border.
Sources
- Census Bureau population estimates — counties and Puerto Rico municipios, with components of change — U.S. Census Bureau · U.S. Government work · retrieved September 25, 2026
- Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change
- American Community Survey 5-year estimates — table-based Summary File · U.S. Government work
- Census Bureau population estimates — incorporated places and New England towns · U.S. Government work
Data retrieved