Health care program exclusions: who OIG has barred, by state, authority and year

OIG’s list held 84,093 exclusions in effect in September 2026: 80,627 of individuals and 3,466 of organizations (OIG’s word, and the record pages’, is entities), barred from Medicare, Medicaid and every other federal health care program. A reinstated person or organization is removed from the list, so every row here is in effect.

The list, September 2026

84,093
Exclusions in effect: September 2026; Rows of the list: an exclusion action each, not a person.; 80,627
Of individuals: September 2026; 95.9% of the list.; 3,466
Of organizations: September 2026; Named by business name alone.

About these figures

Exclusions in effect: Rows of the list: an exclusion action each, not a person.
Of individuals: 95.9% of the list.
Of organizations: Named by business name alone.

What stands out

Six findings. From HHS-OIG’s exclusions list, each one a row from a query.

Section 1128(b)(4) is the authority behind the most exclusions in effect: 33,455 of 84,093 exclusions (39.8%), which OIG describes as “License revocation, suspension, or surrender.” Section 1128(b)(4) →
Mandatory exclusions, under section 1128(a), are 43,665 of the 84,093 exclusions in effect (51.9%); permissive exclusions under section 1128(b) are 40,153 (47.7%). Section 1128(a) →
California has the most exclusions in effect of the states and the District of Columbia: 9,726, of 84,093 exclusions. California →
Per 100,000 residents, Vermont has the most exclusions in effect: 89.8, against the population estimate for 2025. Vermont →
More of the exclusions in effect took effect in 2016 than in any other year: 3,358, of the 84,093 exclusions dated from 1977 to 2026. 2016 →
Individuals are 95.9% of the exclusions in effect; organizations, which the file names by business name alone, are 3,466. Organizations →

Exclusions in effect by the year they took effect

The year is the exclusion date, when the exclusion took effect, not when the conduct behind it occurred. The list holds only exclusions still in effect, so the early years count what remains of them, not what OIG imposed then.

More exclusions in effect date from 2016 than any other year: 3,358

Exclusions on the list today by the year each took effect. The list drops an exclusion when OIG reinstates the person or organization, so the early years count what remains.

An exclusion is an action, not a person: a person excluded twice is two exclusions.

1977 and 1981 have no column: a year with fewer than 11 excluded individuals is withheld, and so is a year that would reveal one.

2026 is not drawn: the year is not over, and the list was read in September 2026.

Source: HHS-OIG

About this chart

The figures

More exclusions in effect date from 2016 than any other year: 3,358. Exclusions on the list today by the year each took effect. The list drops an exclusion when OIG reinstates the person or organization, so the early years count what remains.
Year	Exclusions
1977	Not shown
1978	16
1979	23
1980	35
1981	Not shown
1982	41
1983	139
1984	137
1985	203
1986	175
1987	166
1988	305
1989	534
1990	637
1991	875
1992	797
1993	573
1994	790
1995	754
1996	1,045
1997	2,110
1998	2,194
1999	2,113
2000	2,619
2001	2,607
2002	2,671
2003	2,702
2004	2,833
2005	2,841
2006	2,779
2007	2,695
2008	2,721
2009	2,263
2010	2,379
2011	2,255
2012	2,882
2013	2,881
2014	3,222
2015	3,253
2016	3,358
2017	2,753
2018	2,387
2019	2,189
2020	2,040
2021	1,498
2022	2,484
2023	2,244
2024	3,120
2025	2,529

Embed this chart

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<figure style="margin:0;max-width:960px">
  <img src="https://americanfactbook.org/embed/chart/exclusions-years-in-effect.svg" alt="More exclusions in effect date from 2016 than any other year: 3,358" style="width:100%;height:auto" loading="lazy">
  <figcaption style="font:13px/1.4 system-ui,sans-serif">Chart: <a href="https://americanfactbook.org/exclusions">More exclusions in effect date from 2016 than any other year: 3,358</a>, American Factbook, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a></figcaption>
</figure>

1 more column on a wider screen

Exclusions in effect by the year each took effect, newest first
Year	Exclusions	Of organizations
2026	2,212	91
2025	2,529	61
2024	3,120	39
2023	2,244	48
2022	2,484	34
2021	1,498	42
2020	2,040	48
2019	2,189	34
2018	2,387	59
2017	2,753	58
2016	3,358	48
2015	3,253	44
2014	3,222	52
2013	2,881	39
2012	2,882	46
2011	2,255	46
2010	2,379	64
2009	2,263	81
2008	2,721	87
2007	2,695	137
2006	2,779	104
2005	2,841	118
2004	2,833	157
2003	2,702	138
2002	2,671	150
2001	2,607	154
2000	2,619	132
1999	2,113	192
1998	2,194	225
1997	2,110	201
1996	1,045	95
1995	754	61
1994	790	69
1993	573	65
1992	797	72
1991	875	74
1990	637	62
1989	534	62
1988	305	73
1987	166	49
1986	175	20
1985	203	11
1984	137	10
1983	139	5
1982	41	0
1981	Withheld to protect a count under 11	1
1980	35	4
1979	23	4
1978	16	0
1977	Withheld to protect a count under 11	0

Exclusions in effect by the authority OIG cites

2 more columns on a wider screen

Every authority code on the list, most exclusions first, with OIG's description of it, September 2026
Authority	OIG's description	Exclusions	Share
Section 1128(b)(4)	License revocation, suspension, or surrender.	33,455	39.8%
Section 1128(a)(1)	Conviction of program-related crimes.	26,072	31.0%
Section 1128(a)(2)	Conviction relating to patient abuse or neglect.	8,116	9.7%
Section 1128(a)(3)	Felony conviction relating to health care fraud.	5,886	7.0%
Section 1128(a)(4)	Felony conviction relating to controlled substance.	3,591	4.3%
Section 1128(b)(14)	Default on health education loan or scholarship obligations.	2,166	2.6%
Section 1128(b)(1)(A)	Misdemeanor conviction relating to health care fraud.	943	1.1%
Section 1128(b)(5)	Exclusion or suspension under federal or state health care program.	811	1.0%
Section 1128(b)(7)	Fraud, kickbacks, and other prohibited activities.	755	0.9%
Section 1128(b)(3)	Misdemeanor conviction relating to controlled substance.	330	0.4%
Code 1128Aa	Not described by OIG's authorities table.	173	0.2%
Section 1128(b)(6)	Claims for excessive charges, unnecessary services or services which fail to meet professionally recognized standards of health care, or failure of an HMO to furnish medically necessary services.	77	0.1%
Section 1128(b)(2)	Conviction relating to obstruction of an investigation or audit.	66	0.1%
Section 1156	Failure to meet statutory obligations of practitioners and providers to provide medically necessary services meeting professionally recognized standards of health care (Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) findings).	53	0.1%
Section 1128(b)(9), (10), and (11)	Failure to disclose required information, supply requested information on subcontractors and suppliers; or supply payment information.	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Withheld to protect a count under 11
Section 1128(b)(12)	Failure to grant immediate access.	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Withheld to protect a count under 11
Section 1128(b)(15)	Individuals controlling a sanctioned entity.	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Withheld to protect a count under 11
Section 1128(b)(16)	Making false statement or misrepresentations of material fact.	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Withheld to protect a count under 11
Section 1128(b)(8)	Entities controlled by a sanctioned individual.	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Withheld to protect a count under 11
Code 1160	Not described by OIG's authorities table.	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Withheld to protect a count under 11
Code BRCH CIA	Not described by OIG's authorities table.	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Withheld to protect a count under 11
Code BRCH SA	Not described by OIG's authorities table.	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Withheld to protect a count under 11

Exclusions in effect by state

The state is the one on the exclusion’s row, not necessarily where the person lives now. 82 exclusions carry a foreign address and are in no state.

Exclusions per 100,000 residents run from 11.5 in Georgia to 89.8 in Vermont

Exclusions in effect in each state and the District of Columbia per 100,000 residents, by the state on the exclusion. It is not a rate of anything a resident did.

Too small to see on the map:District of Columbia13.7

The state is the one on the exclusion’s row, not necessarily where the person or organization is now.

Source: HHS-OIG

About this chart

The figures

Exclusions per 100,000 residents run from 11.5 in Georgia to 89.8 in Vermont. Exclusions in effect in each state and the District of Columbia per 100,000 residents, by the state on the exclusion. It is not a rate of anything a resident did.
State	Per 100,000 residents	Exclusions
Vermont	89.8	579
Mississippi	69.8	2,062
West Virginia	48.2	852
Rhode Island	47.0	524
Maine	44.7	632
Louisiana	42.4	1,960
Arkansas	41.2	1,282
Oklahoma	40.4	1,666
Florida	39.0	9,146
Kentucky	38.2	1,760
Alaska	37.3	275
Alabama	36.3	1,885
Arizona	35.2	2,681
Iowa	34.9	1,130
Ohio	32.4	3,857
New Hampshire	30.0	425
Colorado	29.6	1,778
Wyoming	27.9	164
Pennsylvania	27.5	3,594
South Dakota	25.9	242
Tennessee	25.2	1,847
California	24.7	9,726
Minnesota	24.4	1,423
Massachusetts	24.1	1,723
Kansas	23.2	690
North Dakota	22.9	183
Montana	22.6	259
Delaware	22.3	236
New York	22.2	4,431
Utah	22.0	777
Oregon	21.3	912
Nevada	21.2	697
Connecticut	21.1	779
Indiana	19.3	1,344
Missouri	18.9	1,185
Illinois	18.8	2,390
Texas	18.7	5,943
Virginia	18.1	1,608
Idaho	17.7	360
Washington	17.0	1,359
North Carolina	16.5	1,843
Nebraska	15.7	316
Michigan	15.6	1,578
Maryland	14.5	908
New Mexico	14.4	307
New Jersey	14.3	1,367
District of Columbia	13.7	95
Wisconsin	13.1	781
South Carolina	13.0	722
Hawaii	12.4	178
Georgia	11.5	1,305

1 more column on a wider screen

Every state, the District of Columbia and each territory on the list, most exclusions first, September 2026
Place	Exclusions	Per 100,000 residents
Alabama	1,885	36.3
Alaska	275	37.3
Arizona	2,681	35.2
Arkansas	1,282	41.2
California	9,726	24.7
Colorado	1,778	29.6
Connecticut	779	21.1
Delaware	236	22.3
District of Columbia	95	13.7
Florida	9,146	39.0
Georgia	1,305	11.5
Guam	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Not published
Hawaii	178	12.4
Idaho	360	17.7
Illinois	2,390	18.8
Indiana	1,344	19.3
Iowa	1,130	34.9
Kansas	690	23.2
Kentucky	1,760	38.2
Louisiana	1,960	42.4
Maine	632	44.7
Maryland	908	14.5
Massachusetts	1,723	24.1
Michigan	1,578	15.6
Minnesota	1,423	24.4
Mississippi	2,062	69.8
Missouri	1,185	18.9
Montana	259	22.6
Nebraska	316	15.7
Nevada	697	21.2
New Hampshire	425	30.0
New Jersey	1,367	14.3
New Mexico	307	14.4
New York	4,431	22.2
North Carolina	1,843	16.5
North Dakota	183	22.9
Northern Mariana Islands	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Not published
Ohio	3,857	32.4
Oklahoma	1,666	40.4
Oregon	912	21.3
Pennsylvania	3,594	27.5
Puerto Rico	234	7.3
Rhode Island	524	47.0
South Carolina	722	13.0
South Dakota	242	25.9
Tennessee	1,847	25.2
Texas	5,943	18.7
U.S. Virgin Islands	Withheld to protect a count under 11	Not published
Utah	777	22.0
Vermont	579	89.8
Virginia	1,608	18.1
Washington	1,359	17.0
West Virginia	852	48.2
Wisconsin	781	13.1
Wyoming	164	27.9

How the list is counted

Analysis

Each brief is written around figures the Factbook’s queries return, and every figure in it is checked against the query that produced it, so the text and the data cannot drift apart.

Lost licenses: 39.8% of health care exclusions
Of the 84,093 exclusions in effect on HHS-OIG's List of Excluded Individuals and Entities, 33,455, or 39.8%, cite section 1128(b)(4) of the Social Security Act, which OIG describes as "License revocation, suspension, or surrender." The next, section 1128(a)(1), "Conviction of program-related crimes.", accounts for 26,072, or 31.0%. Together the two are behind 70.8% of the list.
American Factbook · November 5, 2026

Everything in this hub

Every page in this topic, by kind.

Rankings1

Each list ordered by one measure, with the figure behind every entry.

States by exclusions

Authorities19

States55

One page per state and the District of Columbia.

Sources

List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (LEIE) — U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General · Public domain — U.S. Government work · retrieved November 8, 2026
Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change — U.S. Census Bureau · U.S. Government work · retrieved September 25, 2026

Compiled automatically from List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (LEIE) and Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change by a checked SQL query · Editor: Kian O'Connor · How this site is built

How to cite this page

Cite the page’s address and the date printed on it, and name U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General and U.S. Census Bureau as the source of the figures.

American Factbook. “Health care program exclusions.” Updated November 8, 2026. https://americanfactbook.org/exclusions. Source: List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (LEIE), https://oig.hhs.gov/exclusions/exclusions_list.asp.

Data retrieved November 8, 2026