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Demographics of North Dakota

North Dakota had 799,358 people on July 1, 2025, by the Census Bureau’s estimate: +19,746 since July 2020. Age, income, poverty, housing and origin below come from the American Community Survey, averaged over 2020–2024, each with its margin of error.

North Dakota, in five figures

799,358
Population
July 1, 2025, Vintage 2025 estimate.
779,612
Population in July 2020
July 1, 2020, Vintage 2025 estimate.
+2.5%
Change since July 2020
+19,746 people.
35.9 ±0.2
Median age
ACS 2020–⁠2024.
$76,657 ±$1,163
Median household income
ACS 2020–⁠2024, in 2024 dollars.

Population, year by year

July 1 estimates from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025. Each year’s change is births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from other states, with the Bureau’s small residual. The 2020 row’s components run 3 months, from the April census to July 1.

North Dakota grew 2.5% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally

The July 1 estimate of North Dakota's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).

U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change

About this chart

The figures

North Dakota grew 2.5% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally. The July 1 estimate of North Dakota's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).
July 1PopulationChangeIndexUnited States
2020779,612not reported100.0100.0
2021777,977−1,63599.8100.2
2022780,191+2,214100.1100.7
2023787,071+6,880101.0101.6
2024793,387+6,316101.8102.5
2025799,358+5,971102.5103.1

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Population of North Dakota on July 1 of each year, Vintage 2025
July 1PopulationChange
2020779,612+476
2021777,977−1,635
2022780,191+2,214
2023787,071+6,880
2024793,387+6,316
2025799,358+5,971

Every county in North Dakota, July 2025

Largest first. The change and its parts are July 2020 to July 2025, the five full years. “From elsewhere” is net moves from other counties, in this state or another.

Ranked: by population · by population growth

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Counties of North Dakota by population, July 2025
CountyJuly 2025Change
Cass County201,794+9.1%
Burleigh County103,251+4.7%
Grand Forks County74,501+1.9%
Ward County68,233−2.4%
Williams County41,767+1.4%
Morton County34,601+3.8%
Stark County34,013+0.5%
Stutsman County21,414−0.6%
Richland County16,731+1.2%
McKenzie County15,192+2.8%
Rolette County11,688−4.1%
Ramsey County11,530−0.4%
Barnes County10,573−2.7%
Walsh County10,179−3.4%
McLean County9,740−0.2%
Mountrail County9,395−4.2%
Mercer County8,441+1.1%
Traill County7,920−0.8%
Pembina County6,568−3.8%
Bottineau County6,284−1.6%
Benson County5,759−3.0%
Ransom County5,617−1.5%
McHenry County5,130−3.9%
Dickey County4,895−1.5%
LaMoure County4,135+1.0%
Dunn County4,058−0.9%
Pierce County3,838−3.6%
Wells County3,729−5.9%
Sargent County3,711−3.4%
Sioux County3,667−5.4%
Cavalier County3,497−5.4%
Emmons County3,215−2.4%
Foster County3,212−5.1%
Nelson County2,963−1.0%
Bowman County2,762−7.1%
Hettinger County2,492+0.4%
McIntosh County2,451−2.5%
Kidder County2,393+0.5%
Renville County2,331+2.9%
Eddy County2,329+0.1%
Adams County2,275+3.7%
Griggs County2,239−2.5%
Grant County2,206−3.5%
Burke County2,132−2.7%
Divide County2,110−4.2%
Towner County2,040−5.0%
Oliver County1,898+1.7%
Logan County1,859−1.3%
Golden Valley County1,808+4.8%
Steele County1,797−0.1%
Sheridan County1,296+2.7%
Billings County1,071+15.2%
Slope County628−9.9%

Every one of North Dakota’s 13 places of 5,000 or more

Largest first, by the American Community Survey’s 2020–2024 count and its margin of error. A place that is also a county is listed with the counties.

Places of North Dakota by population, ACS 2020–2024
PlaceACS 2020–⁠2024
Fargo city131,627 ±53
Bismarck city75,556 ±71
Grand Forks city59,042 ±37
Minot city47,791 ±34
West Fargo city40,094 ±39
Williston city28,056 ±24
Dickinson city25,357 ±34
Mandan city24,522 ±32
Jamestown city15,787 ±54
Wahpeton city8,010 ±68
Devils Lake city7,308 ±45
Valley City city6,541 ±24
Watford City city6,039 ±29

Age, 2020–2024

The median age is 35.9 ±0.2: for men 35.2 ±0.2 and for women 36.5 ±0.3. Shares are of everyone the survey counts, in the Bureau’s sex-by-age table (B01001).

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People in North Dakota by age, ACS 2020–2024
AgePeopleShare
Under 549,672 ±4776.3% ±0.1
5 to 17134,789 ±1,98217.2% ±0.3
18 to 2486,975 ±2,12711.1% ±0.3
25 to 44214,814 ±2,33127.4% ±0.3
45 to 64168,737 ±1,91621.5% ±0.2
65 and over129,854 ±1,91316.5% ±0.2

Income and poverty, 2020–2024

Median household income is $76,657 ±$1,163, and income per person $43,389 ±$579, in 2024 dollars. The median is $80,734 ±$166 in the United States.

Households by income

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Households in North Dakota by income, ACS 2020–2024
Household incomeHouseholdsShare
Under $25,00047,633 ±1,72214.4% ±0.5
$25,000 to $49,99959,370 ±2,09217.9% ±0.6
$50,000 to $74,99955,104 ±1,56916.6% ±0.5
$75,000 to $99,99945,940 ±1,36413.9% ±0.4
$100,000 to $149,99961,512 ±1,88318.6% ±0.6
$150,000 to $199,99929,635 ±1,1969.0% ±0.4
$200,000 or more31,869 ±1,4809.6% ±0.4

Poverty by age

The poverty rate is the share of people whose family income is below the federal threshold for their family’s size, of everyone for whom the Bureau determines it (B17020).

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Poverty rate in North Dakota by age, ACS 2020–2024
AgeBelow povertyRate
All ages81,881 ±3,09310.8% ±0.4
Under 1820,224 ±1,36211.1% ±0.7
18 to 5945,441 ±1,83811.2% ±0.4
60 and over16,216 ±9359.5% ±0.5

Housing, 2020–2024

Housing in North Dakota, ACS 2020–2024
MeasureNorth DakotaUnited States
Housing units377,281 ±282143,775,355 ±10,234
Occupied87.7% ±0.489.9% ±0.1
Vacant12.3% ±0.410.1% ±0.1
Owner occupied62.9% ±0.665.2% ±0.3
Renter occupied37.1% ±0.734.8% ±0.1
Median home value$249,900 ±$2,909$332,700 ±$236
Median gross rent$954 ±$11$1,413 ±$2
Median year built1982 ±11980 ±1

Occupied and vacant are shares of all housing units; owner and renter occupied are shares of occupied units. Value and rent are medians in 2024 dollars.

Origin and place of birth, 2020–2024

Hispanic or Latino origin is not a race in the Census Bureau’s tables. Here the people of Hispanic origin, of any race, are one row, and everyone else is counted by race alone (B03002), so the rows add to the whole.

Hispanic origin and race

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People in North Dakota by Hispanic origin and race, ACS 2020–2024
OriginPeopleShare
Hispanic or Latino36,575 ±1244.7% ±<0.1
White alone, not Hispanic641,520 ±1,07881.7% ±0.1
Black alone, not Hispanic25,923 ±8083.3% ±0.1
Asian alone, not Hispanic12,854 ±6041.6% ±0.1
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic33,204 ±8454.2% ±0.1
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic951 ±2210.1% ±<0.1
Some other race alone, not Hispanic2,643 ±5560.3% ±0.1
Two or more races, not Hispanic31,171 ±1,6384.0% ±0.2

Place of birth and citizenship

“Born a citizen outside the states” counts people born in Puerto Rico, the island areas, or abroad to American parents. Naturalized citizens and those who are not citizens together make up the people born abroad (B05002).

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People in North Dakota by place of birth and citizenship, ACS 2020–2024
BornPeopleShare
Born in the state481,693 ±3,39861.4% ±0.4
Born in another state257,351 ±3,35132.8% ±0.4
Born a citizen outside the states8,835 ±9241.1% ±0.1
Born abroad36,962 ±1,7144.7% ±0.2
Naturalized citizens15,294 ±1,1471.9% ±0.1
Not citizens21,668 ±1,6222.8% ±0.2

Where North Dakota ranks

Compared

Beside the state nearest it by population, and its largest counties each beside the next one down.

North Dakota elsewhere on the Factbook

  • Reported crimeCrime and justice

    Offenses reported to police by type, the trend, and the reporting coverage.

  • Most dangerous cities in North DakotaCrime and justice

    What each agency serving 25,000 or more reported, ranked. Agency populations overlap, so these do not add up to the state.

  • Prison populationCrime and justice

    People held under the state’s correctional authority, and the imprisonment rate. A different publisher counting a different thing.

  • Arrests by race, sex and ageCrime and justice

    Arrests as the FBI’s participating agencies reported them, with what the figures can and cannot support at the top.

  • Hate crimeCrime and justice

    Incidents reported to the FBI by bias motivation, as counts — the collection publishes no participation share, so there is no rate to compare states on.

  • Federal obligationsFederal spending

    What federal agencies obligated against a place of performance in the state, per resident and by agency.

  • Registered nonprofitsNonprofits

    How many organizations the IRS lists in the state, what they report as revenue, and which kinds of work they do.

  • Payments to doctorsHealth

    What drug and device companies reported paying doctors with a practice address in the state, and the largest recipients.

  • Farm program paymentsFarm subsidies

    What the Farm Service Agency paid through the state’s county offices, by program and by recipient. The offices that administered the payments, not a count of farms: a recipient addressed elsewhere is counted where they were paid.

  • Paycheck Protection Program loansPPP loans

    The PPP loans SBA guaranteed to businesses operating in the state, by county, with how many carry a forgiveness amount and how many were charged off. Loans, not businesses: a business with two draws is two loans.

  • Public schoolsSchools

    Pupils, schools and teachers, the largest districts, what districts spend per pupil and where the money comes from, and the colleges that take federal student aid.

  • Federal civilian workforceFederal salaries

    Federal civilian employees stationed in the state by agency and occupation, with the pay OPM publishes and the share it withholds.

  • The North Dakota Factbook entryAcross the Factbook

    Every measure the Factbook publishes for this state in one place, each with where it ranks among the others and the record it came from.

The immigration hub has no page for this state: EOIR runs no immigration court here, and CBP publishes by sector and field office, which are its own areas of responsibility rather than a geography. Immigration and the border.

Sources

Data retrieved