Pandemic relief spending, by agency and program

Federal agencies had obligated $2.4 trillion from the COVID-19 supplemental appropriations when PRAC last wrote its file, on July 11, 2025: 28 agencies, under 529 assistance listings. They had paid out $2.5 trillion. To follow a single award, use USAspending’s COVID-19 spending page.

PRAC’s file, July 11, 2025

$2.4 trillion
Obligated: to July 11, 2025; $2,422,740,661,931; $2.5 trillion
Outlaid: to July 11, 2025; $2,451,526,960,417; 101.2% of obligations.; $811.6 billion
PPP, listing 59.073, in PRAC’s file: to July 11, 2025; $811,582,000,000; 33.5% of PRAC’s obligations.; $792.6 billion
PPP in SBA’s loan files, the PPP hub: as of September 30, 2024; $792,601,147,274; Current approval amount; a different measure, not added to PRAC’s.

About these figures

Obligated: $2,422,740,661,931
Outlaid: $2,451,526,960,417; 101.2% of obligations.
PPP, listing 59.073, in PRAC’s file: $811,582,000,000; 33.5% of PRAC’s obligations.
PPP in SBA’s loan files, the PPP hub: $792,601,147,274; Current approval amount; a different measure, not added to PRAC’s.

What stands out

Five findings. From PRAC’s agency funding data, each one a row from a query.

The Small Business Administration obligated more of the pandemic appropriations than any other agency: $928.9 billion, 38.3% of the $2.4 trillion in PRAC’s file. Small Business Administration →
Paycheck Protection Loan Program (PPP), assistance listing 59.073, is the largest program in the file: $811.6 billion obligated, 33.5% of the total. Paycheck Protection Loan Program (PPP) →
PRAC’s file puts $811.6 billion under the PPP’s listing, 59.073; SBA’s loan files, which the PPP hub counts, held $792.6 billion of current approval amount as of September 30, 2024. They are different measures and are not added. Paycheck Protection Program →
The file’s outlays, $2.5 trillion, are 101.2% of its obligations, $2.4 trillion; the two are summed separately and the file does not reconcile them. Outlays →
The money ran through 28 agencies and 529 assistance listings; 23 of the file’s 1,482 rows are negative, where more was taken back than awarded. Agencies and listings →

What changed in this release

This release was retrieved on November 7, 2026, and the one before it on November 5, 2026.

Still $2.4 trillion in COVID-19 pandemic relief obligated at As PRAC wrote its file on July 11, 2025.

Follow this hub’s releases (Atom feed)

Pandemic relief by awarding agency

Small Business Administration obligated 38.3% of pandemic relief, $928.9 billion

Obligations funded by the COVID-19 supplemental appropriations, by awarding agency, as PRAC summed them from USAspending in the file it wrote on July 11, 2025. The file has no year: each bar is the agency’s total to that date.

Each figure includes the agency’s negative rows, where more was taken back than awarded.

Source: PRAC

About this chart

The figures

Small Business Administration obligated 38.3% of pandemic relief, $928.9 billion. Obligations funded by the COVID-19 supplemental appropriations, by awarding agency, as PRAC summed them from USAspending in the file it wrote on July 11, 2025. The file has no year: each bar is the agency’s total to that date.
Agency	Obligated	Outlaid	Share of obligations	Assistance listings
Small Business Administration	$928,911,263,513	$928,433,219,331	38.3%	13
Department of the Treasury	$485,633,410,046	$634,202,883,640	20.0%	13
Department of Health and Human Services	$328,766,153,702	$307,258,335,197	13.6%	171
Department of Education	$280,382,738,366	$275,102,180,306	11.6%	14
Department of Agriculture	$124,281,540,420	$114,969,676,333	5.1%	91
Department of Transportation	$94,297,878,385	$99,567,651,396	3.9%	11
Department of Homeland Security	$84,750,932,048	$12,586,471,846	3.5%	24
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation	$34,999,536,396	$34,702,903,726	1.4%	1
Department of Housing and Urban Development	$22,304,129,785	$15,793,026,501	0.9%	22
Federal Communications Commission	$13,370,182,574	$9,562,365,281	0.6%	4
Agency for International Development	$6,742,386,489	$6,913,350,733	0.3%	6
Department of Commerce	$5,613,438,068	$1,011,993,621	0.2%	12
Department of the Interior	$3,083,761,560	$3,014,649,268	0.1%	51
Department of Veterans Affairs	$2,104,713,746	$1,936,418,452	0.1%	7
Department of Labor	$2,091,656,857	$2,221,965,167	0.1%	5
Department of State	$1,585,286,753	$1,815,268,492	0.1%	17
Department of Justice	$788,734,208	$554,477,204	< 0.1%	1
Department of Defense	$784,431,637	$30,144,614	< 0.1%	21
National Science Foundation	$653,037,317	$528,658,991	< 0.1%	10
Corporation for National and Community Service	$481,582,890	$435,347,167	< 0.1%	8
Election Assistance Commission	$343,049,760	$335,059,584	< 0.1%	1
Institute of Museum and Library Services	$243,012,045	$242,340,267	< 0.1%	6
National Endowment for the Humanities	$206,722,754	$2,034,685	< 0.1%	7
National Endowment for the Arts	$203,801,634	$202,772,126	< 0.1%	2
Environmental Protection Agency	$65,237,142	$51,752,769	< 0.1%	11
Railroad Retirement Board	$49,866,859	$49,831,471	< 0.1%	1
Department of Energy	$2,076,978	$2,083,207	< 0.1%	1
U.S. International Development Finance Corporation	$100,000	$99,044	< 0.1%	1

Embed this chart

Paste this where you want the chart. The picture carries its title, source and credit, under the site’s license.

<figure style="margin:0;max-width:960px">
  <img src="https://americanfactbook.org/embed/chart/pandemic-relief-agencies.svg" alt="Small Business Administration obligated 38.3% of pandemic relief, $928.9 billion" style="width:100%;height:auto" loading="lazy">
  <figcaption style="font:13px/1.4 system-ui,sans-serif">Chart: <a href="https://americanfactbook.org/pandemic-relief">Small Business Administration obligated 38.3% of pandemic relief, $928.9 billion</a>, American Factbook, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a></figcaption>
</figure>

1 more column on a wider screen

Every agency in PRAC’s file, most obligated first, to July 11, 2025; the last row is the file’s total
Agency	Obligated	Outlaid	Share
Small Business Administration	$928.9 billion$928,911,263,513	$928.4 billion$928,433,219,331	38.3%
Department of the Treasury	$485.6 billion$485,633,410,046	$634.2 billion$634,202,883,640	20.0%
Department of Health and Human Services	$328.8 billion$328,766,153,702	$307.3 billion$307,258,335,197	13.6%
Department of Education	$280.4 billion$280,382,738,366	$275.1 billion$275,102,180,306	11.6%
Department of Agriculture	$124.3 billion$124,281,540,420	$115.0 billion$114,969,676,333	5.1%
Department of Transportation	$94.3 billion$94,297,878,385	$99.6 billion$99,567,651,396	3.9%
Department of Homeland Security	$84.8 billion$84,750,932,048	$12.6 billion$12,586,471,846	3.5%
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation	$35.0 billion$34,999,536,396	$34.7 billion$34,702,903,726	1.4%
Department of Housing and Urban Development	$22.3 billion$22,304,129,785	$15.8 billion$15,793,026,501	0.9%
Federal Communications Commission	$13.4 billion$13,370,182,574	$9.6 billion$9,562,365,281	0.6%
Agency for International Development	$6.7 billion$6,742,386,489	$6.9 billion$6,913,350,733	0.3%
Department of Commerce	$5.6 billion$5,613,438,068	$1.0 billion$1,011,993,621	0.2%
Department of the Interior	$3.1 billion$3,083,761,560	$3.0 billion$3,014,649,268	0.1%
Department of Veterans Affairs	$2.1 billion$2,104,713,746	$1.9 billion$1,936,418,452	0.1%
Department of Labor	$2.1 billion$2,091,656,857	$2.2 billion$2,221,965,167	0.1%
Department of State	$1.6 billion$1,585,286,753	$1.8 billion$1,815,268,492	0.1%
Department of Justice	$788.7 million$788,734,208	$554.5 million$554,477,204	< 0.1%
Department of Defense	$784.4 million$784,431,637	$30.1 million$30,144,614	< 0.1%
National Science Foundation	$653.0 million$653,037,317	$528.7 million$528,658,991	< 0.1%
Corporation for National and Community Service	$481.6 million$481,582,890	$435.3 million$435,347,167	< 0.1%
Election Assistance Commission	$343.0 million$343,049,760	$335.1 million$335,059,584	< 0.1%
Institute of Museum and Library Services	$243.0 million$243,012,045	$242.3 million$242,340,267	< 0.1%
National Endowment for the Humanities	$206.7 million$206,722,754	$2.0 million$2,034,685	< 0.1%
National Endowment for the Arts	$203.8 million$203,801,634	$202.8 million$202,772,126	< 0.1%
Environmental Protection Agency	$65.2 million$65,237,142	$51.8 million$51,752,769	< 0.1%
Railroad Retirement Board	$49.9 million$49,866,859	$49.8 million$49,831,471	< 0.1%
Department of Energy	$2.1 million$2,076,978	$2.1 million$2,083,207	< 0.1%
U.S. International Development Finance Corporation	$100,000	$99,044	< 0.1%
All 28 agencies in the file	$2.4 trillion$2,422,740,661,931	$2.5 trillion$2,451,526,960,417

An agency’s name links its page here, which links its page in the spending hub, where every award it made in each fiscal year is counted, not only the pandemic money.

Agencies ranked by pandemic obligations

The 25 largest programs

A program is an assistance listing, with PRAC’s title for it. Where an award was filed under several listings, PRAC counts it under the first, and so does this table.

1 more column on a wider screen

The 25 assistance listings with the most obligated, of 529, to July 11, 2025; the last row is every listing in the file
Program	Listing	Obligated	Share
Paycheck Protection Loan Program (PPP)	59.073	$811.6 billion$811,582,000,000	33.5%
Education Stabilization Fund	84.425	$277.1 billion$277,089,000,000	11.4%
Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds	21.027	$242.7 billion$242,721,000,000	10.0%
HRSA COVID-19 Claims Reimbursement for the Uninsured Program and the COVID-19 Coverage Assistance Fund	93.461	$167.6 billion$167,584,348,080	6.9%
Coronavirus Relief Fund	21.019	$149.8 billion$149,838,000,000	6.2%
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program	10.551	$105.7 billion$105,703,000,000	4.4%
Disaster Grants - Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters)	97.036	$63.0 billion$63,000,365,854	2.6%
Coronavirus Relief - Pandemic Relief for Aviation Workers	21.018	$58.9 billion$58,880,931,898	2.4%
Federal Transit Formula Grants	20.507	$51.9 billion$51,941,486,512	2.1%
Child Care and Development Block Grant	93.575	$51.9 billion$51,877,555,844	2.1%
Disaster Assistance Loans	59.008	$44.6 billion$44,648,224,459	1.8%
Pension Plan Termination Insurance	86.001	$35.0 billion$34,999,536,396	1.4%
Restaurant Revitalization Fund	59.078	$28.5 billion$28,534,276,870	1.2%
Economic Injury Disaster Loan Emergency Advance	59.072	$27.6 billion$27,596,775,995	1.1%
Airport Improvement Program	20.106	$19.9 billion$19,884,019,723	0.8%
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Investigations and Technical Assistance	93.283	$18.4 billion$18,424,808,947	0.8%
Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program	59.075	$14.5 billion$14,542,526,505	0.6%
Presidential Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households - Other Needs	97.05	$13.9 billion$13,940,504,766	0.6%
Disabilities Prevention	93.184	$11.6 billion$11,560,430,595	0.5%
Coronavirus Capital Projects Fund	21.029	$10.0 billion$9,998,246,666	0.4%
Highway Planning and Construction	20.205	$9.8 billion$9,751,205,934	0.4%
Immunization Research, Demonstration, Public Information and Education Training and Clinical Skills Improvement Projects	93.185	$9.1 billion$9,069,595,517	0.4%
Emergency Capital Investment Program	21.03	$8.6 billion$8,570,109,000	0.4%
Health Center Program (Community Health Centers, Migrant Health Centers, Health Care for the Homeless, and Public Housing Primary Care)	93.224	$8.0 billion$8,049,392,608	0.3%
National School Lunch Program	10.555	$7.5 billion$7,519,923,363	0.3%
All 529 assistance listings in the file		$2.4 trillion$2,422,740,661,931

How PRAC’s file is counted

Analysis

Each brief is written around figures the Factbook’s queries return, and every figure in it is checked against the query that produced it, so the text and the data cannot drift apart.

PPP was 87.4% of SBA's pandemic relief obligations
The Small Business Administration (SBA) obligated $928.9 billion from the pandemic supplemental appropriations, as the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee (PRAC) sums them in its agency workbook. Of that, $811.6 billion, or 87.4%, was filed under the Paycheck Protection Program, assistance listing 59.073. The next largest is Disaster Assistance Loans, assistance listing 59.008, at 4.8% of the agency's total. The agency filed under 13 listings in all.
American Factbook · November 5, 2026

What this data cannot show

A figure is a sum of USAspending’s award records as agencies reported them, summed by PRAC: obligations and outlays as submitted, not audited, and as of the date PRAC last wrote the file.
A disaster code marks the appropriation an award drew on, not its purpose, so a figure here is money from the pandemic laws, not spending on the pandemic.
The file has no year, so no figure here is for a year, and it does not show whether any program worked or whether any award or payment was proper.
The file has no state and no recipient, so it does not show where the money went.
Money from the pandemic laws that USAspending does not hold, or that an agency had not reported when PRAC wrote the file, is not in these figures.

The full method: How the pandemic relief figures are made.

Everything in this hub

Every page in this topic, by kind.

Rankings2

Each list ordered by one measure, with the figure behind every entry.

Agencies28

One page per top-tier federal agency, with what it obligated and where.

States59

One page per state and the District of Columbia.

Sources

Pandemic relief funding by agency and program (PRAC) — Pandemic Response Accountability Committee · Public domain — U.S. Government work · retrieved November 7, 2026

Compiled automatically from Pandemic relief funding by agency and program (PRAC) by a checked SQL query · Editor: Kian O'Connor · How this site is built

How to cite this page

Cite the page’s address and the date printed on it, and name Pandemic Response Accountability Committee as the source of the figures.

American Factbook. “Pandemic relief.” Updated November 7, 2026. https://americanfactbook.org/pandemic-relief. Source: Pandemic relief funding by agency and program (PRAC), https://www.pandemicoversight.gov/news-and-resources/data.

Data retrieved November 7, 2026