California and Texas, compared
California had 39,355,309 people on July 1, 2025, and Texas 31,709,821, in the Census Bureau’s estimates.
Side by side
| Measure | California | Texas |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025The Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 estimate. | 39,355,309 | 31,709,821 |
| Change since July 2020As a share of the first July. | −0.4% | +8.5% |
| Births less deathsOver the five full years to July 2025. | +502,538 | +691,277 |
| Moves from abroadNet international migration, as the Bureau estimates it. | +972,424 | +1,015,881 |
| Moves from other statesNet domestic migration. | −1,629,468 | +760,233 |
| Median ageAmerican Community Survey, 2020–2024. | 37.9±0.1 | 35.6±0.1 |
| Median household incomeIn the dollars of the survey’s last year. | $99,122±$310 | $78,476±$263 |
| Below the poverty lineShare of the people whose poverty status is determined. | 12.0%±0.1% | 13.8%±0.1% |
| Born abroadShare of residents born outside the United States. | 27.0%±0.1% | 17.6%±0.1% |
Each on its own
Data retrieved
Sources
- Census Bureau population estimates — nation and states, with components of change — U.S. Census Bureau · U.S. Government work · retrieved September 25, 2026
- American Community Survey 5-year estimates — table-based Summary File · U.S. Government work