Demographics of Jefferson County, Alabama

Jefferson County, Alabama had 665,742 people on July 1, 2025, by the Census Bureau’s estimate: −8,978 since July 2020. Age, income, poverty, housing and origin below come from the American Community Survey, averaged over 2020–2024, each with its margin of error.

Jefferson County, in four figures

665,742
Population: July 1, 2025, Vintage 2025 estimate.; −1.3%
Change since July 2020: −8,978 people.; 37.7 ±0.2
Median age: ACS 2020–⁠2024.; $66,388 ±$1,491
Median household income: ACS 2020–⁠2024, in 2024 dollars.

Population, year by year

July 1 estimates from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025. Each year's change is births less deaths, net moves from abroad and net moves from elsewhere in the country, with the Bureau's small residual. The 2020 row's components run 3 months, from the April census to July 1.

Jefferson County, Alabama's population shrank 1.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally

The July 1 estimate of Jefferson County, Alabama's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).

U.S. Census Bureau — Census Bureau population estimates — counties and Puerto Rico municipios, with components of change

About this chart

The figures

Jefferson County, Alabama's population shrank 1.3% from July 2020 to July 2025, against +3.1% nationally. The July 1 estimate of Jefferson County, Alabama's resident population and the nation's, each year of the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025, as a share of its July 2020 level (= 100).
July 1	Population	Index	United States
2020	674,720	100.0	100.0
2021	669,782	99.3	100.2
2022	665,691	98.7	100.7
2023	664,419	98.5	101.6
2024	666,585	98.8	102.5
2025	665,742	98.7	103.1

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Population of Jefferson County, Alabama on July 1 of each year, Vintage 2025
July 1	Population	Change	Births less deaths	From abroad	From elsewhere in the country
2020	674,720	+390	−102	+23	+343
2021	669,782	−4,938	−1,267	+266	−4,305
2022	665,691	−4,091	−622	+1,318	−4,517
2023	664,419	−1,272	+95	+2,132	−3,421
2024	666,585	+2,166	+301	+4,231	−2,305
2025	665,742	−843	+323	+1,802	−2,975

Age, 2020–2024

The median age is 37.7 ±0.2: for men 36.3 ±0.2 and for women 39.1 ±0.2. Shares are of everyone the survey counts, in the Bureau’s sex-by-age table (B01001).

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People in Jefferson County by age, ACS 2020–2024
Age	People	Share	Alabama	United States
Under 5	40,753 ±73	6.1% ±<0.1	5.8% ±<0.1	5.6% ±<0.1
5 to 17	112,430 ±2,018	16.8% ±0.3	16.5% ±0.1	16.3% ±<0.1
18 to 24	61,535 ±1,544	9.2% ±0.2	9.5% ±0.1	9.1% ±<0.1
25 to 44	181,069 ±1,993	27.1% ±0.3	25.3% ±0.1	26.9% ±<0.1
45 to 64	159,900 ±1,960	23.9% ±0.3	25.2% ±0.1	24.8% ±<0.1
65 and over	112,068 ±2,318	16.8% ±0.3	17.8% ±0.1	17.2% ±<0.1

Income and poverty, 2020–2024

Median household income is $66,388 ±$1,491, and income per person $41,013 ±$629, in 2024 dollars. The median is $63,999 ±$399 in Alabama and $80,734 ±$166 in the United States.

Households by income

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Households in Jefferson County by income, ACS 2020–2024
Household income	Households	Share	Alabama	United States
Under $25,000	49,884 ±1,916	18.5% ±0.7	19.7% ±0.3	14.6% ±<0.1
$25,000 to $49,999	54,677 ±2,175	20.3% ±0.8	20.3% ±0.3	16.7% ±<0.1
$50,000 to $74,999	43,901 ±1,819	16.3% ±0.7	16.7% ±0.2	15.5% ±<0.1
$75,000 to $99,999	33,454 ±1,640	12.4% ±0.6	12.7% ±0.2	12.6% ±<0.1
$100,000 to $149,999	38,797 ±1,819	14.4% ±0.7	15.5% ±0.2	17.5% ±<0.1
$150,000 to $199,999	20,963 ±1,261	7.8% ±0.5	7.4% ±0.2	9.6% ±<0.1
$200,000 or more	28,207 ±1,159	10.5% ±0.4	7.8% ±0.1	13.4% ±0.1

Poverty by age

The poverty rate is the share of people whose family income is below the federal threshold for their family’s size, of everyone for whom the Bureau determines it (B17020).

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Poverty rate in Jefferson County by age, ACS 2020–2024
Age	Below poverty	Rate	Alabama	United States
All ages	102,090 ±4,540	15.7% ±0.7	15.6% ±0.2	12.5% ±0.1
Under 18	32,799 ±2,174	21.8% ±1.3	21.3% ±0.4	16.1% ±0.1
18 to 59	49,851 ±2,444	14.3% ±0.7	14.7% ±0.2	11.6% ±0.1
60 and over	19,440 ±1,213	12.9% ±0.8	12.4% ±0.2	11.0% ±<0.1

Housing, 2020–2024

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Housing in Jefferson County, ACS 2020–2024
Measure	Jefferson County	Alabama	United States
Housing units	310,789 ±255	2,337,265 ±430	143,775,355 ±10,234
Occupied	86.8% ±0.6	85.5% ±0.3	89.9% ±0.1
Vacant	13.2% ±0.6	14.5% ±0.3	10.1% ±0.1
Owner occupied	63.9% ±0.8	70.2% ±0.4	65.2% ±0.3
Renter occupied	36.1% ±0.9	29.8% ±0.3	34.8% ±0.1
Median home value	$240,000 ±$4,979	$209,900 ±$1,076	$332,700 ±$236
Median gross rent	$1,193 ±$18	$1,007 ±$8	$1,413 ±$2
Median year built	1975 ±1	1986 ±1	1980 ±1

Occupied and vacant are shares of all housing units; owner and renter occupied are shares of occupied units. Value and rent are medians in 2024 dollars.

Origin and place of birth, 2020–2024

Hispanic or Latino origin is not a race in the Census Bureau’s tables. Here the people of Hispanic origin, of any race, are one row, and everyone else is counted by race alone (B03002), so the rows add to the whole.

Hispanic origin and race

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People in Jefferson County by Hispanic origin and race, ACS 2020–2024
Origin	People	Share	Alabama	United States
Hispanic or Latino	36,545 ±0	5.5% ±<0.1	5.6% ±<0.1	19.3% ±<0.1
White alone, not Hispanic	317,409 ±675	47.5% ±0.1	63.4% ±<0.1	57.4% ±<0.1
Black alone, not Hispanic	281,174 ±1,924	42.1% ±0.3	25.6% ±0.1	11.9% ±<0.1
Asian alone, not Hispanic	12,366 ±418	1.9% ±0.1	1.4% ±<0.1	5.9% ±<0.1
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic	785 ±263	0.1% ±<0.1	0.3% ±<0.1	0.5% ±<0.1
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic	44 to 1,558	< 0.1% to 0.2%	< 0.1% ±<0.1	0.2% ±<0.1
Some other race alone, not Hispanic	3,048 ±1,107	0.5% ±0.2	0.4% ±<0.1	0.6% ±<0.1
Two or more races, not Hispanic	15,627 ±1,663	2.3% ±0.2	3.3% ±0.1	4.3% ±<0.1

A range (the estimate less and plus its margin) where the Bureau's estimate is too uncertain to state as one number: a coefficient of variation over 30%.

Place of birth and citizenship

“Born a citizen outside the states” counts people born in Puerto Rico, the island areas, or abroad to American parents. Naturalized citizens and those who are not citizens together make up the people born abroad (B05002).

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People in Jefferson County by place of birth and citizenship, ACS 2020–2024
Born	People	Share	Alabama	United States
Born in the state	491,160 ±3,955	73.6% ±0.6	67.5% ±0.2	57.3% ±<0.1
Born in another state	139,193 ±3,660	20.8% ±0.5	27.6% ±0.2	26.9% ±<0.1
Born a citizen outside the states	4,932 ±814	0.7% ±0.1	1.0% ±<0.1	1.7% ±<0.1
Born abroad	32,470 ±1,867	4.9% ±0.3	4.0% ±0.1	14.1% ±<0.1
Naturalized citizens	10,827 ±842	1.6% ±0.1	1.6% ±0.1	7.4% ±<0.1
Not citizens	21,643 ±1,891	3.2% ±0.3	2.4% ±0.1	6.8% ±<0.1

Jefferson County among the counties of Alabama

1st of 67 by population, July 2025. Every one is listed on the Alabama page.

Counties of Alabama near Jefferson County in population, July 2025
County	July 2025	Change since 2020
Jefferson County	665,742	−1.3%
Madison County	433,516	+11.0%
Mobile County	411,658	−0.7%
Baldwin County	267,761	+14.8%
Tuscaloosa County	241,368	+3.8%
Shelby County	238,552	+6.5%

Elsewhere on the site

Sources

Census Bureau population estimates — counties and Puerto Rico municipios, with components of change — U.S. Census Bureau · U.S. Government work · retrieved September 25, 2026
American Community Survey 5-year estimates — table-based Summary File · U.S. Government work

Data retrieved September 25, 2026