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States by imprisonment rate

Mississippi held 652 people in prison per 100,000 residents in 2023, the highest of any state; Massachusetts held 96, the lowest. The rate is the Bureau's own, computed against its own population denominator, not a count divided by a population of ours.

American Factbook Research

People in prison per 100,000 residents · 2023

People in prison per 100,000 residents, 2023
RankNameper 100,000 residentsPeople in prison
1Mississippi65219,526
2Louisiana61728,186
3Arkansas59618,503
4Oklahoma54522,283
5Idaho4909,829
6Texas477149,264
7Georgia44950,425
8Arizona44834,473
9Montana4384,985
10Kentucky42319,175
11South Dakota4053,764
12Alabama39427,181
13Ohio39446,530
14Missouri38524,223
15Florida38287,207
16Wyoming3782,212
17Indiana35125,088
18Wisconsin34622,418
19Tennessee34124,408
20Michigan32832,986
21West Virginia3285,800
22Nevada32710,463
23Virginia31427,442
24Kansas3059,125
25Pennsylvania30038,860
26South Carolina29916,453
27Nebraska2955,931
28Oregon29112,316
29Colorado29017,459
30Delaware2754,867
31North Carolina27530,685
32Iowa2748,831
33Maryland26116,236
34New Mexico2595,586
35California24695,962
36North Dakota2401,899
37Illinois23829,828
38Alaska2024,478
39Utah1866,402
40Connecticut18311,099
41Washington18114,441
42New York16732,583
43Hawaii1653,942
44Minnesota1528,725
45New Hampshire1512,115
46New Jersey12511,675
47Vermont1241,334
48Rhode Island1222,519
49Maine1191,873
50Massachusetts966,002

What this data cannot show

  • This counts people under the jurisdiction of a state prison system. It does not count people in local jails, which hold several hundred thousand more, and it does not count federal prisoners, who are not attributed to a state here.
  • The rate is the Bureau of Justice Statistics' own, per 100,000 US residents of all ages, computed against its own denominators. Nothing here divides a count by a population of ours.
  • One jurisdiction is absent from this ranking because the Bureau published no rate for it: District of Columbia. Each still has a page of its own.
  • The series behind these pages runs 2012 to 2023, assembled from eleven editions. The Bureau revises: it states a different rate for the same state and year in two editions 11 times by more than 2%, and each state page names its own revisions rather than drawing a line through them.

Sources

  • BJS Prisoners — Statistical TablesU.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics · "Information generated by the Department of Justice is in the public domain and may be reproduced, published or otherwise used without the Department's permission." (https://bjs.ojp.gov/reuse-policy) · retrieved September 19, 2026

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